Category: Instrumentation

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 Comprehensive Guide to Fluorescence Analyzer: Usage, Faults, and Repair Methods

I. Overview and Basic Principles of Fluorescence Analyzer

A fluorescence analyzer is a precision instrument that utilizes the fluorescence phenomenon of substances under specific excitation conditions to analyze sample composition and properties. When chemical substances in a sample are irradiated by light of a specific wavelength, they absorb energy, transition to a high-energy state, and subsequently return to the ground state while releasing photons, producing fluorescence. By measuring the intensity and characteristic spectrum of fluorescence, the fluorescence analyzer can precisely analyze the composition and structure of the sample.

II. Usage Method of Fluorescence Analyzer

Startup Preparation:

  • Ensure that external equipment such as air compressors, water chillers, and gas supply systems are operating normally.
  • Turn on the fluorescence analyzer host and computer, and run the analysis software.

Sample Preparation:

  • Prepare samples according to experimental requirements, ensuring sample purity and compatibility with reagents.
  • Place the sample in an appropriate container for testing.

Instrument Calibration:

  • Perform zero-point calibration to ensure accurate measurements.
  • Adjust instrument parameters as needed, such as excitation wavelength and emission wavelength.

Sample Testing:

  • Place the sample in the sample chamber of the fluorescence analyzer.
  • Initiate the testing program and wait for the instrument to complete the measurement of the fluorescence spectrum.
  • Record and analyze the fluorescence spectrum data to draw conclusions about the sample’s composition and properties.

Shutdown and Cleaning:

  • After testing, turn off the fluorescence analyzer host and computer.
  • Clean the sample chamber and the exterior of the instrument to ensure it is in good condition.

III. Types of Faults and Repair Methods for Fluorescence Analyzer

Unstable Fluorescence Intensity:

  • Causes: Aging of the lamp filament, dirty electrodes, environmental temperature fluctuations.
  • Repair Methods: Replace the lamp filament, clean the electrodes, stabilize the environmental temperature.

Decreased Sensitivity:

  • Causes: Expired reagents, incompatibility between sample and reagent, contamination of the optical path system.
  • Repair Methods: Replace with fresh reagents, test using the same type of sample, clean the optical path system.

Instrument Failure to Turn On:

  • Causes: Power supply failure, connection issues between the computer and host, software system errors.
  • Repair Methods: Check the power supply, reconnect the computer and host, restart the software system or contact the manufacturer for repairs.

Low Water Flow or Water Circuit Blockage:

  • Causes: Water filter blockage or impurities in the water circuit system.
  • Repair Methods: Clean or replace the water filter, inspect and clear impurities in the water circuit system.

IV. Repair Precautions

  • Before performing any repair operations, be sure to turn off the instrument’s power supply to ensure safety.
  • Use professional tools for disassembly and installation to avoid damaging instrument components.
  • Follow the manufacturer’s repair manuals and guides to ensure correct repair procedures.
  • For complex faults or issues that cannot be resolved independently, promptly contact professional repair personnel from Rongji Electromechanical Company.

V. Conclusion

As a high-precision analytical instrument, the fluorescence analyzer plays a crucial role in scientific research and production fields. Through this introduction, we have gained an understanding of the basic principles, usage methods, common fault types, and repair methods of the fluorescence analyzer. We hope that this information will help you better use and maintain the fluorescence analyzer, thereby improving research and production efficiency.

VI. Brands and Models of Fluorescence Analyzers Repaired by Rongji Electromechanical Company

  1. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • Fluoroskan FL: Microplate Fluorometer
    • NanoDrop 3300: Micro-Volume Fluorospectrometer
    • Lumina Fluorescence Spectrometer: General Fluorescence Spectrometer
  2. Agilent Technologies
    • Cary Eclipse: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Agilent 4300 Handheld FTIR: Handheld Fluorescence Analyzer
  3. PerkinElmer
    • LS 55: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • EnVision: Multimode Microplate Reader
    • Victor Nivo: Multimode Microplate Reader
  4. Horiba Scientific
    • FluoroMax-4: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FluoroMax Plus: High-Performance Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Aqualog: Water Quality Analysis Fluorescence Spectrometer
  5. Shimadzu
    • RF-6000: High-Sensitivity Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • RF-5301PC: Fluorescence Spectrometer
  6. Edinburgh Instruments
    • FLS1000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FS5: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Mini-tau: Fluorescence Lifetime System
  7. Hitachi
    • F-7000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • F-7100: High-Performance Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • F-2700: Compact Fluorescence Spectrometer
  8. Zeiss
    • LSM 880: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope with Fluorescence Analysis Function
    • Axio Imager: Fluorescence Microscope
  9. Bruker
    • FOCUS-G: Portable Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • CRYO-G: Fluorescence Lifetime Microscope
  10. Tecan
    • Spark: Multimode Microplate Reader with Fluorescence Analysis Function
    • Infinite 200 PRO: Multimode Microplate Reader
  11. BioTek (Agilent)
    • Cytation 5: Multimode Microplate Reader and Imaging System
    • Synergy H1: Multimode Microplate Reader
  12. Molecular Devices
    • SpectraMax i3x: Multimode Microplate Reader
    • FlexStation 3: Fluorescence Analysis System
  13. Photon Technology International (PTI)
    • QuantaMaster 8000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • TimeMaster: Fluorescence Lifetime System
  14. Jobin Yvon (Horiba)
    • FluoroLog: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FluoroCube: Fluorescence Lifetime System

Rongji Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing fluorescence analyzers (fluorospectrometers, atomic fluorescence spectrometers) and can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various used fluorescence analyzers. Please feel free to consult us.

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Comprehensive Guide to Fluorescence Analyzer: Operating Procedures, Faults, and Repair Methods

I. Overview and Basic Principles of Fluorescence Analyzer

The fluorescence analyzer is a precise instrument that utilizes the fluorescence phenomenon of substances under specific excitation conditions to analyze sample composition and properties. When chemicals in a sample are irradiated by light of a specific wavelength, they absorb energy, transition to a higher energy state, and subsequently return to the ground state while releasing photons, producing fluorescence. By measuring the intensity and characteristic spectrum of fluorescence, the fluorescence analyzer can accurately analyze the composition and structure of the sample.

II. Operating Procedures for Fluorescence Analyzer

Startup Preparation:

  • Ensure the normal operation of external equipment such as air compressor, water cooler, and gas supply system.
  • Turn on the fluorescence analyzer host and computer, and run the analysis software.

Sample Preparation:

  • Prepare samples according to experimental requirements, ensuring sample purity and compatibility with reagents.
  • Place the sample in an appropriate container for testing.

Instrument Calibration:

  • Perform zero-point calibration to ensure accurate measurements.
  • Adjust instrument parameters as needed, such as excitation wavelength and emission wavelength.

Sample Testing:

  • Place the sample in the sample chamber of the fluorescence analyzer.
  • Initiate the testing program and wait for the instrument to complete the measurement of the fluorescence spectrum.
  • Record and analyze the fluorescence spectrum data to draw conclusions about the sample’s composition and properties.

Shutdown and Cleaning:

  • After testing, turn off the fluorescence analyzer host and computer.
  • Clean the sample chamber and the exterior of the instrument to maintain its good condition.

III. Types of Faults and Repair Methods for Fluorescence Analyzer

Unstable Fluorescence Intensity:

  • Causes: Aging of lamp filament, dirty electrodes, fluctuations in ambient temperature.
  • Repair Methods: Replace the lamp filament, clean the electrodes, stabilize the ambient temperature.

Decreased Sensitivity:

  • Causes: Expired reagents, incompatibility between sample and reagent, contamination of the optical path system.
  • Repair Methods: Replace with fresh reagents, test using the same type of sample, clean the optical path system.

Instrument Failure to Turn On:

  • Causes: Power supply failure, connection issues between computer and host, software system errors.
  • Repair Methods: Check the power supply, reconnect the computer and host, restart the software system or contact the manufacturer for repair.

Low Water Flow or Water Circuit Blockage:

  • Causes: Blocked water filter or impurities in the water circuit system.
  • Repair Methods: Clean or replace the water filter, inspect and clear impurities in the water circuit system.

IV. Repair Precautions

  • Before performing any repair operations, be sure to turn off the instrument’s power supply to ensure safety.
  • Use professional tools for disassembly and installation to avoid damaging instrument components.
  • Follow the repair manuals and guides provided by the manufacturer to ensure correct repair procedures.
  • For complex faults or issues that cannot be resolved independently, promptly contact professional repair personnel from Rongji Electromechanical Company.

V. Conclusion

As a high-precision analytical instrument, the fluorescence analyzer plays a crucial role in scientific research and production fields. Through this introduction, we have gained an understanding of the basic principles, usage methods, common fault types, and repair methods of the fluorescence analyzer. We hope that this information will help you better use and maintain the fluorescence analyzer, thereby improving research and production efficiency.

VI. Brands and Models of Fluorescence Analyzers Repaired by Rongji Electromechanical Company

  1. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • Fluoroskan FL: Microplate Fluorometer
    • NanoDrop 3300: Micro-Volume Fluorometer
    • Lumina Fluorescence Spectrometer: General Fluorescence Spectrometer
  2. Agilent Technologies
    • Cary Eclipse: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Agilent 4300 Handheld FTIR: Handheld Fluorescence Analyzer
  3. PerkinElmer
    • LS 55: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • EnVision: Multimode Microplate Reader
    • Victor Nivo: Multimode Microplate Reader
  4. Horiba Scientific
    • FluoroMax-4: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FluoroMax Plus: High-Performance Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Aqualog: Water Quality Analysis Fluorescence Spectrometer
  5. Shimadzu
    • RF-6000: High-Sensitivity Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • RF-5301PC: Fluorescence Spectrometer
  6. Edinburgh Instruments
    • FLS1000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FS5: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • Mini-tau: Fluorescence Lifetime System
  7. Hitachi
    • F-7000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • F-7100: High-Performance Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • F-2700: Compact Fluorescence Spectrometer
  8. Zeiss
    • LSM 880: Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope with Fluorescence Analysis Function
    • Axio Imager: Fluorescence Microscope
  9. Bruker
    • FOCUS-G: Portable Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • CRYO-G: Fluorescence Lifetime Microscope
  10. Tecan
    • Spark: Multimode Microplate Reader with Fluorescence Analysis Function
    • Infinite 200 PRO: Multimode Microplate Reader
  11. BioTek (Agilent)
    • Cytation 5: Multimode Microplate Reader and Imaging System
    • Synergy H1: Multimode Microplate Reader
  12. Molecular Devices
    • SpectraMax i3x: Multimode Microplate Reader
    • FlexStation 3: Fluorescence Analysis System
  13. Photon Technology International (PTI)
    • QuantaMaster 8000: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • TimeMaster: Fluorescence Lifetime System
  14. Jobin Yvon (Horiba)
    • FluoroLog: Fluorescence Spectrometer
    • FluoroCube: Fluorescence Lifetime System

Rongji Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing fluorescence analyzers (fluorescence spectrometers, atomic fluorescence spectrometers) and can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various used fluorescence analyzers. Welcome to consult.

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Principle, Brand,Usage, and Fault Maintenance Analysis of Balance Instrument

I. Principle of Balance Instrument

The balance instrument is a precision tool used to measure and assess the balance state of objects, finding wide applications in automobile inspection, machinery manufacturing, medical equipment, electronic product design, and more. Its working principle is based on fundamental physics concepts related to force and motion, evaluating and adjusting the balance of objects by detecting their gravity and motion state around the center of gravity.

  1. Static Balance Measurement:
    • Utilizes the principle of balance between the gravity acting on an object and the spring force (or other forces).
    • Typically consists of a suspension system and an indication system.
    • When an object is placed on the suspension system, gravity causes a downward force, which is counteracted by the spring force until equilibrium is reached.
    • The data displayed by the indication system represents the object’s mass or imbalance.
  2. Dynamic Balance Measurement:
    • Involves sensors (such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.) to monitor the object’s center of gravity position and motion trajectory in real-time.
    • Captures changes in gravity when the object tilts or rotates.
    • Calculates the object’s balance state through a processor and presents it to the user via a display.

II. Usage of Balance Instrument

The usage of a balance instrument varies depending on the specific model and application scenario but generally includes the following steps:

  • Preparation: Ensure the balance instrument and its accessories are intact and correctly installed and connected according to the instructions.
  • Calibration: Calibrate the balance instrument before formal testing to ensure measurement accuracy.
  • Placement of the Test Object: Place the test object in the designated position on the balance instrument and ensure it is stable.
  • Initiation of Testing: Start the testing program according to the balance instrument’s operation guide and observe and record the data on the indication system or display.
  • Adjustment and Re-testing: Adjust the test object based on the test results (e.g., adding balancing weights) and re-test until the balance requirements are met.

III. Faults and Maintenance of Balance Instrument

The balance instrument may encounter various faults during use, mainly including electronic component failures, mechanical failures, and software issues. Here are some common faults and their maintenance methods:

  • Electronic Component Failures: Check if relevant electronic components are intact and replace them if necessary. Also, check for loose or damaged connection wires and ensure reliable circuit connections.
  • Mechanical Failures: Inspect relevant mechanical parts for severe wear or damage and replace or repair them as needed. Keep the balance instrument clean and lubricated to reduce mechanical wear.
  • Software Issues: Attempt to restart the balance instrument or update the software version to resolve the issue. If the problem persists, contact the manufacturer or professional maintenance personnel for diagnosis and repair.

IV. Models of Balance Instruments Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. Schenck
    • Pasio Series: Pasio 5, Pasio 15, Pasio 50
    • Virio Series: Virio 5, Virio 15, Virio 50
    • HM Series: HM 20, HM 60
  2. Hofmann
    • Typ UHK 11.1, Typ UHK 12.1, Typ UHK 13.1, Typ UHK 14.1
    • Horizontal Balancing Machines: HL1, HL2
    • Vertical Balancing Machines: V1, V2
  3. CEMB
    • N Series: N500, N2000, N3000
    • C Series: C100, C200, C300
    • Z Series: Z500, Z1000, Z2000
  4. Balance Systems
    • BVK4 Series: BVK4-20, BVK4-50
    • BVX4 Series: BVX4-20, BVX4-50
    • VM Series: VM20, VM50
  5. IRD Balancing
    • IRD Model 246, IRD Model 290, IRD Model 246 Portable
  6. Schmitt Industries
    • SBS AEMS, SBS SB-5500, SBS SB-4500, SBS SB-1000
  7. Hofmann Prüf- und Messtechnik
    • PMB Series: PMB 500, PMB 1000, PMB 2000
    • PMS Series: PMS 300, PMS 600
  8. Haimer
    • Tool Dynamic Series: Tool Dynamic TD 2002, Tool Dynamic TD Comfort, Tool Dynamic TD Economic Plus
  9. CWT Industries
    • CWT 40B, CWT 100B, CWT 200B
  10. JP Balancing Machines
    • JPH-10, JPH-20, JPV-10, JPV-20
  11. Marposs
    • Dittel Series: DS6000, DS7000 (Spindle Analyzers); DBS10, DBS20 (Balancing Systems)
    • Microset Series: Microset DMS, Microset DMS II
    • Artis Series: Artis CTM, Artis GENIOR MODULAR
    • GEM Series
  12. SIGMA (Japan)
    • CB-7705: High-speed dynamic balance detector for grinding wheel balancers.
    • CB-7702: Portable dynamic balance detector.
    • SB-8002: Portable and high-precision field dynamic balancer.
    • CB-8802R/8805RB Series: Powerful field dynamic balance detectors suitable for various complex working conditions.
    • SB-8802R-2: Designed for CNC machining centers, with high-precision spindle balance correction and prediction functions.
    • SSV-5100 Series: Vertical balance testing machines for vertical equipment.
    • 6000 Series: Horizontal balance machines, including SSB-6001A, SSB-6005A, etc., for horizontal equipment.
  13. PRUFTECHNIK (Germany)
    • VIBXPERT Series

Longi Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing balance instruments and can quickly repair various types of instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various used balance instruments. Welcome to consult.

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 Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometer: Principles, Usage, Maintenance, Repair, and Brands Overvie

I. Principles of Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometer

The dual-frequency laser interferometer, an advanced measurement instrument based on heterodyne interference principles, evolves from the single-frequency laser interferometer. It utilizes two laser beams of different frequencies for interference measurement, achieving high-precision measurement of various physical quantities such as displacement, length, and angle. This instrument finds wide application in precision machining, metrological inspection, and scientific research, serving as a crucial tool for enhancing equipment accuracy and detection efficiency.

Working Principles:

  • Based on the Zeeman splitting effect and frequency pulling effect.
  • A magnetic field of approximately 0.03 Tesla is applied to a He-Ne laser, generating left- and right-handed circularly polarized light with two different frequencies (f1 and f2).
  • After processing through a series of optical elements, these beams are split into reference and measurement beams.
  • When the movable mirror shifts, the frequency of the measurement beam changes (f2 ± Δf) due to the Doppler effect, while the reference beam’s frequency remains constant.
  • The two beams interfere on a photodetector, producing an electrical signal containing the frequency difference Δf. By counting the changes in frequency difference, the displacement of the movable mirror can be calculated.

Key Components:

  • Laser Source: Employs a laser, such as a He-Ne laser or semiconductor laser, to generate two laser beams with different frequencies.
  • Optical Beam Splitting: The laser beam is divided into two beams by a beam splitter, one serving as the reference beam and the other as the measurement beam.
  • Optical Path Design: The reference beam follows a fixed path, while the measurement beam traverses a variable path. The two beams recombine in the interferometer, producing interference fringes.
  • Interference Fringes: The movement of interference fringes reflects changes in the length of the measurement path. Precise calculations of the displacement or length changes of the measured object can be derived by analyzing these fringes.
  • Signal Processing: The interference fringe signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photodetector and processed to obtain measurement results.

II. Usage Instructions

  1. System Connection: Connect the laptop, laser interferometer, environmental compensation unit, printer, etc., via communication cables and power them on.
  2. Laser Warm-up: Turn on the laser interferometer and allow it to warm up for about 15-20 minutes. Proceed with measurements once the laser is stable (indicator light turns green).
  3. Software Initialization: Start the measurement software on the laptop and enter the corresponding measurement subroutine.
  4. Optical Mirror Installation: Secure the laser interferometer, reflectors, beam splitters, and other optical components on the measurement tripod and machine tool in appropriate positions, and adjust for alignment.
  5. Target Value Setting: Set target values according to measurement requirements and program the CNC measurement procedure.
  6. Data Collection: Initiate the data collection program for automatic or manual data acquisition and monitor the measurement data.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  1. Laser Fault:
    • Symptom: Laser does not emit light or has insufficient intensity.
    • Repair: Check the laser power supply and connection cables, ensuring proper power supply. Replace the laser if necessary.
  2. Optical Path Deviation:
    • Symptom: Interference fringes are unclear or disappear.
    • Repair: Adjust the positions of the beam splitter and reflector to ensure parallel optical paths and accurate beam convergence points.
  3. Photodetector Fault:
    • Symptom: Signal is unstable or there is no signal output.
    • Repair: Check the detector’s power supply and connection cables, clean the detector surface to ensure normal operation.
  4. Environmental Interference:
    • Symptom: Measurement results are highly variable or inaccurate.
    • Repair: Isolate the instrument from environmental vibrations and temperature changes, ensuring a stable working environment.
  5. Signal Processor Fault:
    • Symptom: Data collection is unstable or analysis results are erroneous.
    • Repair: Check signal processor connections and software settings, reinstall or update software if necessary.

IV. Precautions and Maintenance

  • Environmental Requirements: Place the instrument in a dry, clean, and vibration-free environment, avoiding the impact of moisture and dust on optical components.
  • Handling and Storage: Hold the base when moving the instrument to prevent guide rail deformation; store optical components in a clean and dry container when not in use.
  • Cleaning and Lubrication: Avoid wiping mirrors and beam splitters unless necessary, using scientific methods for cleaning; regularly lubricate moving parts to maintain good working condition.
  • Usage Norms: Avoid forced rotation, hard pulling, and other improper operations; apply appropriate force to each adjustment component.

V. Brands and Models of Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometers Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. Renishaw
    • XL-80: High-precision laser interferometer system
    • HS20: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for large-range position measurement
  2. Keysight Technologies (formerly Agilent Technologies)
    • 5519A/B: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision positioning and measurement
    • 5530: Laser interferometer system supporting various measurement applications
  3. Zygo Corporation
    • ZMI 4000 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision position and speed measurement (ZMI 4500, ZMI 4100)
    • ZMI 2000 Series: High-performance dual-frequency laser interferometer (ZMI 2400, ZMI 2002)
  4. SIOS Messtechnik
    • SP 2000 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer system for precise length and angle measurement (SP 2000, SP 2000 TR)
    • SP 5000 Series: High-resolution dual-frequency laser interferometer (SP 5000 NG, SP 5000 TR)
  5. Hamar Laser Instruments
    • L-730 Series: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for machine calibration and alignment (L-730, L-740)
    • L-750 Series: High-precision dual-frequency laser interferometer (L-750)
  6. API (Automated Precision Inc.)
    • XD Series: High-precision laser interferometer system (XD6, XD8)
  7. Renishaw/Anorad (Collaborative Brand)
    • RLE Series: High-performance laser interferometer (RLE10, RLE20)
  8. Mahr Metrology
    • MarForm MFU Series: High-precision laser interferometer for shape measurement and surface contour measurement (MFU 100, MFU 200)
  9. Mitutoyo
    • Laser 20: Dual-frequency laser interferometer for high-precision position measurement
    • Laser 30: High-performance dual-frequency laser interferometer
  10. Status Pro
    • EZ-EL Series: High-precision laser interferometer system (EZ-EL-A, EZ-EL-B)
  11. Tokyo Seimitsu
    • LV-50
  12. Marposs
    • BLU Series:
      • BLU LT: For length and displacement measurement
      • BLU LI: For straightness and angle measurement

Longi Electromechanical Company specializes in the repair of dual-frequency laser interferometers, with nearly 30 years of experience. We can quickly repair various instruments and also offer the recycling and sale of used dual-frequency laser interferometers. Welcome to consult us.

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Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer: Principles, Usage, Maintenance, and Brands Overview

I. Principles of Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer

The ammonia-nitrogen analyzer is an instrument specifically designed to detect ammonia-nitrogen content in water samples. It is widely used in environmental monitoring, drinking water treatment, and wastewater treatment. The analyzer’s working principle is mainly based on chemical reactions and optical measurements. Common measurement methods include the Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometric method and the salicylic acid spectrophotometric method. Taking the Nessler’s reagent method as an example, the principle is that free ammonia or ammonium ions in the water sample react with Nessler’s reagent (an alkaline solution of potassium iodide and mercuric iodide) to form a pale reddish-brown complex. The absorbance of this complex is proportional to the ammonia-nitrogen content. By measuring the absorbance at a specific wavelength (such as 420 nm), the ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the water sample can be calculated.

II. Usage Instructions

Preparation:

  • Clean the cuvettes and measuring cups to ensure no residues or impurities.
  • Connect the instrument to a power source, turn it on, and preheat for at least half an hour.
  • Set detection parameters such as detection range and sample volume according to the instrument manual.

Sample Processing:

  • Take a certain amount of water sample (usually 10 mL), add appropriate reagents (such as N-NH3-1 and N-NH3-2 reagents), shake well, and let stand for a certain time (such as 10 minutes).
  • If the water sample contains interfering substances such as suspended solids, residual chlorine, calcium, and magnesium ions, appropriate pretreatment is required to eliminate the interference.

Measurement:

  • Add the processed water sample to the cuvette, place it in the instrument’s measurement seat, and cover with a light-shielding cover.
  • Start the instrument for measurement and wait for a certain time (usually a few minutes to tens of minutes) until the display stabilizes.
  • Read and record the ammonia-nitrogen concentration value.

Cleaning and Maintenance:

  • After measurement, clean the cuvettes and reagent bottles, and store them properly.
  • Regularly calibrate and maintain the instrument to ensure stable performance.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  • Instrument Startup Abnormality: Causes include power failure, internal circuit failure, or software failure. Repair methods include checking the power supply, replacing damaged power sources, inspecting internal circuits, repairing faulty circuits, and attempting to restart the instrument or update the software.
  • Deviation in Measurement Results: Causes include reagent issues, instrument calibration problems, or improper operation. Repair methods include checking if the reagents are expired or contaminated, replacing them with new ones, performing instrument calibration, and ensuring accurate and reliable operation, as well as checking the correctness of the operation process and correcting improper operations.
  • Communication Failure: Causes include faulty communication cables, loose interfaces, or software compatibility issues. Repair methods include checking the integrity of communication cables, replacing damaged ones, inspecting interface connections, reconnecting them, and checking software compatibility, updating the software, or replacing it with more compatible software.
  • Mechanical Failure: Causes include worn pump bodies and loose pipelines. Repair methods include inspecting the wear condition of mechanical parts, replacing severely worn components, checking pipeline connections, and re-securing them, as well as performing regular instrument maintenance.
  • Display Panel Abnormality: Causes include a damaged display screen, poor line contact, or power failure. Repair methods include checking if the display screen is damaged and replacing it, inspecting line connections and reconnecting them, and checking the power supply and replacing damaged power sources.

IV. Summary of Brands and Models Repaired by Rongji Electromechanical Company

  • Hach:
    • NA8000
    • DR3900: Benchtop Spectrophotometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • DR6000: High-precision Benchtop UV-Vis Spectrophotometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Nitratax plus sc: Online Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer
    • HQD Series, HQ40D, HQ30D
  • YSI (Xylem Inc.):
    • ProDSS: Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer with ammonia-nitrogen determination module
    • IQ Sensor Net Series: AmmoLyt Plus: Online Ammonia-Nitrogen Sensor, VARiON Plus: Online Multi-parameter Ion-selective Electrode System
  • Thermo Fisher Scientific:
    • Orion Star A Series: Star A329: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination, Star A326: Portable Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Orion AQUAfast AQ4000: Multi-parameter Photometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • Hanna Instruments:
    • HI83399: Multi-parameter Photometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • HI96715: Portable Ammonia-Nitrogen Photometer
    • HI93532: Benchtop Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer
  • Horiba:
    • LAQUAtwin NH4-11: Portable Ammonia-Nitrogen Analyzer
  • Lovibond:
    • MD 600: Multi-parameter Portable Water Quality Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • SpectroDirect: Spectrophotometer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • LaMotte:
    • Smart 3 Colorimeter: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Nitrate Test Kit: Ammonia-Nitrogen Test Kit
  • Palintest:
    • Photometer 7500: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • AquaPal Series: AquaPal Photometer: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination, Macro 900 Series: Multi-parameter Portable Water Quality Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • Mettler Toledo:
    • SevenExcellence Series: S470: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination, S475: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • Aquaread:
    • AP Series: AP-7000: Multi-parameter Water Quality Probe supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination, AP-8000: Multi-parameter Water Quality Probe supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
  • Shimadzu:
    • UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Series: UV-1900i: UV-Vis Spectrophotometer supporting multiple water quality parameters determination, including ammonia-nitrogen, UV-2600i: UV-Vis Spectrophotometer suitable for high-precision water quality analysis, including ammonia-nitrogen, UV-3600i Plus: High-performance UV-Vis Spectrophotometer suitable for ammonia-nitrogen determination in complex water samples
    • TOC-L Analyzer Series: TOC-LCPH/CPN: Total Organic Carbon Analyzer, which can be used for ammonia-nitrogen determination with appropriate accessories, TOC-LCSH/CSN: High-sensitivity Total Organic Carbon Analyzer supporting ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Ion Chromatography Series: ICPE-9800 Series: Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer suitable for trace ammonia-nitrogen determination, ICPE-9000 Series: Multi-function Ion Chromatograph that can be used for ammonia-nitrogen determination
    • Automatic Analyzer Series: AA-7000 Series: Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, which can be used for ammonia-nitrogen determination with appropriate accessories
    • Nexis GC-2030 Gas Chromatograph: Can be used for ammonia-nitrogen determination with appropriate detectors and columns.

Rongji Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing ammonia-oxygen analyzers and can quickly repair various instruments. Additionally, the company回收 (recycles) and sells various used ammonia-oxygen analyzers. For more information, please contact us.

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 Comprehensive Guide to Water Quality Analyzers: Principles, Usage, Faults, and Brands

Introduction

The water quality analyzer, also known as the water quality detector, is a precision instrument specifically designed to detect and analyze various physical, chemical, and biological parameters in water bodies. It finds wide application in drinking water monitoring, wastewater treatment, environmental protection, and industrial process control, serving as a crucial tool to ensure water quality safety and enhance environmental protection standards.

1. Functional Principles

The functional principles of water quality analyzers are primarily based on various physical, chemical, and biological sensing technologies, assessing water quality by measuring specific parameters in water bodies. Its working principles may include:

  • Ion-Selective Electrode Measurement: Utilizes electrodes to selectively respond to specific ions in water, determining ion concentrations through the measurement of potential differences or currents generated by the electrodes. Commonly used for measuring pH, fluoride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ion concentrations.
  • Photoelectric Technology: Employs photoelectric sensors to measure optical properties in water, such as turbidity and chroma. Inferences about certain physical or chemical properties of water can be made based on the intensity or changes in light signals received by the photoelectric sensors.
  • Computer Analysis Technology: Combines photoelectric technology with other sensing technologies, utilizing computers to process and analyze measurement data, deriving various parameters of water quality. This method enables rapid and accurate water quality monitoring and analysis.

2. Usage Method

The usage method of a water quality analyzer typically includes the following steps:

  1. Prepare Sample: According to experimental needs, prepare the water sample to be tested, ensuring the purity and quality of the sample.
  2. Establish Experimental System: Set appropriate experimental conditions and parameters based on experimental requirements.
  3. Instrument Adjustment: Adjust and optimize the water quality analyzer to ensure it is in optimal working condition.
  4. Add Sample: Introduce the water sample to be tested into the instrument, ensuring good contact between the sample and the instrument.
  5. Conduct Experiment: Start the instrument, initiate the experimental process, record experimental data, and observe results.
  6. Data Analysis: Process and analyze experimental data to derive various parameters and assessment results of water quality.
  7. Clean Equipment: Thoroughly clean the water quality analyzer after the experiment to avoid cross-contamination.

3. Common Faults and Repair Methods

Water quality analyzers may encounter certain faults during usage. Below are some common faults and their repair methods:

  • No Display upon Startup:
    • Fault Causes: Power not connected, switch issue, LCD or wiring issue.
    • Repair Methods: Check if the power cord is connected; replace the switch; confirm the normality of the LCD and wiring, and replace if necessary.
  • Poor Data Repeatability:
    • Fault Causes: Insufficient instrument warm-up time, unstable external voltage, poor instrument grounding.
    • Repair Methods: Allow the instrument to warm up sufficiently after startup (e.g., 30 minutes); improve the instrument’s working environment to ensure stable external voltage; check and improve the instrument’s grounding state.
  • Measurement Values Too High or Too Low:
    • Fault Causes: Contamination of the measurement system, electrical drift.
    • Repair Methods: Flush the instrument’s measurement flow path with high-purity water to remove contamination; perform curve calibration on the instrument to eliminate electrical drift.
  • Blocked Drainage:
    • Fault Causes: Blocked drainage connector, folded drainage tube, solenoid valve issue.
    • Repair Methods: Flush the drainage connector and measurement flow path with high-purity water; check for folds in the drainage tube and adjust; check or replace the solenoid valve.
  • No Sample Intake:
    • Fault Causes: Insufficient water sample pressure, faulty or blocked channel valve, filter blockage.
    • Repair Methods: Adjust the sample intake pressure; replace the solenoid or channel valve; replace the filter to clear the blockage.
  • Standard Solution or Reagent Not Added:
    • Fault Causes: Lack of standard solution or reagent, air resistance in the tubing, faulty standard solution or reagent valve.
    • Repair Methods: Add standard solution and reagent; vent the tubing to eliminate air resistance; replace the standard solution or reagent valve.

Note: The above repair methods are for reference only. Specific repair operations should be carried out according to the instrument manual and actual situation. During repairs, ensure safe operation to avoid damaging the instrument or causing personal injury. If faults cannot be resolved independently, it is recommended to contact professional repair personnel from Rongji Electromechanical for assistance.

4. Brands and Models of Water Quality Analyzers Repaired by Longi Electromechanical

  1. Hach
    • DR3900: Benchtop Spectrophotometer for multi-parameter water quality analysis
    • DR6000: High-precision Benchtop UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
    • SL1000: Portable Multi-parameter Analyzer
    • HQD Series: Professional portable and benchtop multi-parameter analyzers, e.g., HQ40D, HQ30D
    • MS5: Portable Water Quality Multi-parameter Probe
  2. YSI (Xylem Inc.)
    • ProDSS: Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer for field and laboratory use
    • EXO2: Multi-parameter Water Quality Probe System
    • ProQuatro: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer
    • Pro2030: Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Analyzer
    • ProPlus: Multi-parameter Portable Analyzer
  3. Horiba
    • U-50 Series: Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzers, U-52, U-53, U-54, U-55, U-52G
    • LAQUA Series: Laboratory Multi-parameter Analyzers, LAQUAact, LAQUAtwin
  4. Thermo Fisher Scientific
    • Orion Versa Star Series: High-end Multi-parameter Analyzers, Versa Star Pro
    • Orion Star A Series: Portable and Benchtop Water Quality Analyzers, Star A329
    • Orion AquaMate 8000: Spectrophotometer
  5. Xylem Analytics
    • WTW MultiLine Series: Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzers, MultiLine 3510 IDS, MultiLine 3420 IDS
    • WTW InoLab Series: Laboratory Multi-parameter Analyzers, InoLab Multi 9310 IDS, InoLab Multi 9620 IDS
  6. Hanna Instruments
    • HI9829: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer
    • HI83399: Multi-parameter Spectrophotometer
    • HI5522: Laboratory Multi-parameter pH/ISE/EC/DO Meter
  7. Lovibond
    • SpectroDirect: Spectrophotometer
    • MD 600: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer
    • AquaLX: Water Quality Spectrophotometer
  8. Mettler Toledo
    • SevenExcellence Series: High-end Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzers, S475, S470, S470-Kit
    • Seven2Go Series: Portable Multi-parameter Analyzers, S2, S3
  9. LaMotte
    • Smart 3 Colorimeter: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzer
    • TRACER Series: Multi-parameter Probes, TRACER Pocket Tester
    • 2020we/Turbiquant Series: Portable Turbidity Meters
  10. Palintest
    • Photometer 7500: Benchtop Multi-parameter Analyzer
    • AquaPal Series: Portable Water Quality Analyzers, AquaPal Photometer, AquaPal Bluetooth
    • Macro 900 Series: Portable Multi-parameter Water Quality Analyzers

Longi Electromechanical has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing water quality analyzers (water quality detectors, online water quality analyzers), enabling quick and effective repairs for various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell various used water quality analyzers. Welcome to consult.

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Comprehensive Guide to Mass Spectrometers: Principles, Usage, Maintenance, and Brands Serviced

I. Functional Principle of Mass Spectrometer

The mass spectrometer, a highly precise scientific instrument, is primarily used to determine the composition and structure of samples. Its operating principle encompasses the following steps:

  1. Sample Ionization: Sample molecules are ionized into positively or negatively charged ions in the ion source.
  2. Mass Separation: The generated ions are accelerated and transmitted to the mass analyzer, where they are separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).
  3. Detection and Recording: The separated ions enter the detector, producing signals that are recorded to form a mass spectrum.
  4. Data Analysis: By analyzing the mass spectrum, information such as the composition, structure, and relative abundance of the sample can be determined.

The core components of a mass spectrometer include the ion source, mass analyzer, and detector, all housed within a vacuum system to ensure analytical accuracy.

II. Usage Method of Mass Spectrometer

Usage methods may vary by model and manufacturer, but generally include the following steps:

Preparation:

  • Safety check: Ensure laboratory safety and use personal protective equipment.
  • Sample preparation: Dissolve the sample in an appropriate solvent and clean it to remove impurities.
  • Select the ion source and adjust ionization parameters.
  • Choose the analysis mode and adjust mass spectrometer parameters.

Startup:

  • Turn on the gas supply and mechanical pump, and after achieving the required vacuum, turn on the molecular turbo pump.
  • Perform calibration to ensure optimal mass spectrometer performance.

Analysis:

  • Start the mass spectrometer, observe the mass spectrum, and record corresponding peaks.
  • Analyze the position, intensity, and shape of peaks for mass analysis.
  • Identify compounds in the sample.

Shutdown:

  • Stop the mass spectrometer operation.
  • Flush the system to prevent cross-contamination.
  • Turn off the mass spectrometer and disconnect the power supply.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

Common faults and their repair methods include:

  1. Unstable Power Supply:
    • Fault manifestation: Voltage fluctuations, unstable current supply, or sudden power outages and restarts.
    • Repair method: Check power lines and modules, ensure proper grounding, and replace damaged power components.
  2. Aging or Damage of Power Modules:
    • Fault manifestation: Decreased power output performance, insufficient energy for the ion source.
    • Repair method: Replace aged power modules and ensure normal operation of high-voltage components.
  3. Poor Grounding or Contact Issues with Power Lines:
    • Fault manifestation: Increased power noise, interference with signal acquisition, resulting in false peaks or abnormal peak intensities.
    • Repair method: Check grounding and power line connections, ensure good contact, and reduce power noise.
  4. Failure of Power Cooling System:
    • Fault manifestation: Overheating of power supply, leading to drifting output parameters and shortened lifespan.
    • Repair method: Check the cooling system, ensure proper heat dissipation, and replace cooling fans or radiators if necessary.
  5. Failure of Mechanical and Molecular Turbo Pumps:
    • Fault manifestation: Insufficient vacuum, affecting mass spectrometry accuracy.
    • Repair method: Regularly clean and replace mechanical pump oil, check the status of molecular turbo pumps, and repair or replace as needed.
  6. Contamination or Damage of Ion Source:
    • Fault manifestation: Reduced ionization efficiency, poor mass spectrum peak shapes.
    • Repair method: Regularly clean the ion source chamber and sampling cone, and replace damaged ion source components.

IV. Precautions

When using a mass spectrometer, follow laboratory safety regulations and use personal protective equipment. Adjust analysis parameters based on sample properties and mass spectrometer model for optimal results. Regularly perform performance verification and maintenance to ensure long-term efficient operation of the mass spectrometer.

V. Brands and Models of Mass Spectrometers Serviced by Longi Electromechanical

  1. Thermo Fisher Scientific:
    • Orbitrap Series: Orbitrap Exploris 480, Orbitrap Eclipse, Orbitrap Elite, Orbitrap Fusion Lumos
    • Q Exactive Series: Q Exactive, Q Exactive HF, Q Exactive HF-X, Q Exactive Plus
    • TSQ Series: TSQ Altis, TSQ Quantis, TSQ Endura
    • LTQ Series: LTQ Orbitrap XL, LTQ XL
  2. Agilent Technologies:
    • 6500 Series: 6530 Q-TOF, 6546 Q-TOF, 6550 iFunnel Q-TOF, 6560 Ion Mobility Q-TOF
    • 6100 Series: 6130 Quadrupole LC/MS, 6140 Quadrupole LC/MS
    • 7000 Series: 7010 Triple Quadrupole GC/MS, 7000D Triple Quadrupole GC/MS
    • 7700 Series: 7700x ICP-MS
  3. Waters Corporation:
    • Xevo Series: Xevo G2-XS QTof, Xevo TQ-S, Xevo TQ-XS
    • Synapt Series: Synapt G2-Si, Synapt XS, Vion IMS QTof, ACQUITY RDa
  4. Bruker:
    • timsTOF Series: timsTOF Pro, timsTOF fleX
    • MALDI-TOF Series: ultrafleXtreme, autoflex maX
    • ESI-QTOF Series: Impact II, maXis II, scimaX
  5. Sciex (AB Sciex):
    • TripleTOF Series: TripleTOF 6600, TripleTOF 5600+
    • QTRAP Series: QTRAP 6500+, QTRAP 5500, QTRAP 4500
    • Triple Quad Series: Triple Quad 7500, Triple Quad 6500+, Triple Quad 5500
  6. PerkinElmer:
    • Flexar Series: Flexar SQ 300 MS, Flexar TOF MS
    • Clarus Series: Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS
  7. Shimadzu:
    • LCMS Series: LCMS-8045, LCMS-8050, LCMS-8060
    • GCMS Series: GCMS-TQ8050 NX, GCMS-QP2010 Ultra, GCMS-QP2020 NX
  8. JEOL:
    • AccuTOF Series: AccuTOF DART, AccuTOF GCx, JMS-T100LC
  9. LECO:
    • Pegasus Series: Pegasus BT, Pegasus GC-HRT 4D, Pegasus BT 4D
    • TruTOF Series
  10. Hitachi: NanoFrontier LD, Chromaster

Longi Electromechanical has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing mass spectrometers, enabling quick repairs for various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell used mass spectrometers. Welcome to consult.

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 Leak Detector:Overview,Brand,Maintenance Guide, And Repair Services

I. Introduction

A leak detector is a device used to detect leaks in systems containing air, gases, or liquids. Its primary function is to detect leak points and measure the amount of leakage by monitoring pressure differences within the system. The working principle of a leak detector is based on pressure difference detection and measurement technology, utilizing sensors to collect pressure data and controllers to analyze the data and provide corresponding alarms or prompts.

II. Types of Leak Detectors

Leak detectors come in various types, categorized by the medium they detect and the principles and technologies they use.

  • By Medium:
    • Gas leak detectors
    • Liquid leak detectors
  • By Principle and Technology:
    • Pressure difference method: Compares the pressure difference between the object being tested and the environment.
    • Concentration change method: Detects changes in gas concentration around the object.
    • Sound or acoustic wave method: Detects specific sounds or acoustic waves produced during leakage.

III. Usage Method

  1. Power On: Ensure the leak detector is properly connected to the power source and turn it on.
  2. Initialization and Calibration: In a vacuum environment, start the vacuum pump and wait for a stable detection environment (e.g., 10 minutes). Gas leak detectors automatically calibrate upon startup to ensure accuracy.
  3. Measurement: Place the probe at the detection point and observe the numerical changes on the display. If a leak occurs, the reading will increase and may trigger an alarm.
  4. Data Analysis: Judge the leak situation and location based on the readings and analysis results displayed.

IV. Common Faults and Repair Methods

  1. Instrument Unable to Start or Function Normally
    • Causes:
      • Poor power connection or damaged power cord.
      • Insufficient battery power or aged battery.
      • Faulty control panel or buttons.
    • Repair Methods:
      • Check power connection and cord integrity.
      • Check battery power and replace or recharge as needed.
      • Inspect the control panel and buttons for damage or incorrect operation.
  2. Inaccurate or False Detection Results
    • Causes:
      • Insufficient instrument precision or lack of calibration.
      • Damaged or contaminated sensors.
      • Unstable or impure gas source.
    • Repair Methods:
      • Calibrate the instrument to ensure precision.
      • Inspect sensors for damage or contamination, and clean or replace as necessary.
      • Ensure a stable and pure gas source, avoiding operations that may affect its stability.
  3. Insensitive Leak Detection
    • Causes:
      • Incorrect instrument sensitivity settings.
      • Loose connection between the probe and the object being tested.
      • Aged or damaged sensors.
    • Repair Methods:
      • Check and adjust instrument sensitivity settings.
      • Ensure a tight connection between the probe and the object.
      • Inspect sensors for aging or damage, and replace as needed.
  4. Display Fault or Abnormality
    • Causes:
      • Loose or damaged display connection cable.
      • Damaged display itself.
    • Repair Methods:
      • Check the display connection cable for security and reconnect if loose.
      • If the display remains abnormal despite a proper connection, replace the display.

V. Preventive Measures and Routine Maintenance

  • Regular Calibration: Periodically calibrate the leak detector to ensure precision and performance.
  • Keep Clean: Maintain the cleanliness and dryness of the leak detector and its accessories, protecting them from dust and moisture.
  • Proper Storage: Store unused leak detectors in a dry, ventilated place, and conduct regular inspections and maintenance.
  • Professional Training: Provide professional training for operators to ensure they can complete detection tasks correctly and swiftly, adhering to operating procedures and precautions.

VI. Brands and Models of Leak Detectors Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. Inficon:
    • UL1000 Fab
    • UL5000
    • Protec P3000
    • HLD6000
    • LDS3000
    • Sensistor ISH2000
    • LeakHunter TGF11
  2. Pfeiffer Vacuum:
    • ASM340
    • ASM390
    • ASM310
    • ASM306S
    • ASM102S
    • Adixen ASM142
    • Adixen ASM192T2D
  3. Leybold:
    • Phoenix Quadro
    • Phoenix Magno
    • Phoenix Vario
    • Phoenix L300i
    • Phoenix L500i
    • Phoenix L1000i
  4. Agilent Technologies:
    • Varian VS Series (VS C15, VS C15AB)
    • Varian HLD Series
    • Varian Helitest
    • PHD-4
    • M12
  5. ATEQ:
    • Primus
    • Primus H2
    • F5200
    • F6200
    • F28H
  6. Edwards:
    • Spectron 5000 Series
    • Spectron 6000 Series
    • Spectron 2000 Series
    • Spectron 3000 Series
  7. Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum:
    • UL 200
    • UL 200 Helium
    • UL 1000 Fab
    • UL 1000
    • UL 500
  8. Alcatel (Adixen):
    • ASM182TD+
    • ASM310
    • ASM142
    • ASM340
    • ASM192T2D
  9. LACO Technologies:
    • AMLD-6
    • Titan VSLD
    • Titan HSLD
    • Titan ES
    • Titan ESVL

VII. Company Information

Longi Electromechanical Company has nearly 30 years of experience in repairing leak detectors and can quickly repair various instruments. We also recycle and sell used leak detectors. For more information, please contact us.

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Chromatography Instrument Maintenance Center: Principles, Usage, Brand,and Troubleshooting for Various Chromatographs

I. Introduction to Chromatography Instruments

Chromatography instruments separate and analyze mixtures based on the physicochemical properties of their components. Common types include Gas Chromatographs (GC), Online Gas Chromatographs, Liquid Chromatographs (HPLC/UPLC), Ion Chromatographs, PE Atomic Absorption Spectrometers, and Zeeman Effect Atomic Absorption Spectrometers. The core principle involves the distribution or adsorption equilibrium of substances between the stationary and mobile phases to achieve separation. After vaporization in the vaporization chamber, the sample is carried into the column by an inert gas (carrier gas, such as N2, He, etc.). Due to differences in boiling point, polarity, or adsorption properties, components in the sample exhibit different distribution or adsorption behaviors in the column, leading to varying elution times and thus separation. The separated components enter the detector, which converts the presence of sample components into electrical signals proportional to the quantity or concentration of the measured components.

II. Usage Instructions

Startup Preparation:

  • Turn on the gas generator and observe if the pressure gauges for air, hydrogen, and nitrogen reach the specified positions.
  • Turn on the chromatograph power switch and adjust the temperatures of the injector, column, and detector.

Ignition and Sample Injection:

  • When the temperatures reach the set values, ignite the detector flame and adjust the hydrogen flow rate.
  • After the signal stabilizes, quickly inject the sample from the sampling cylinder into the chromatograph using a syringe, and record the peak shape and test data.

Data Processing:

  • Repeat measurements multiple times and calculate the average to improve accuracy.
  • After the test, extinguish the flame, turn off the injector and detector, and wait for the column temperature to drop to room temperature before turning off the chromatograph power.

III. Common Faults and Troubleshooting

Injector Faults:

  • Blockage: Reinstall the injector plunger and clean with a suitable solvent.
  • Leakage: Check and replace the injector seal if aged.
  • Improper Installation: Ensure the injection needle is correctly installed on the injector plunger.

Column Faults:

  • Blockage: Disconnect the column from the detector end, check for bubbles, and attempt reverse flushing or replacement.
  • Contamination: Cut off the contaminated part of the column and re-age or clean it.
  • Reduced Efficiency: Replace the column or perform aging treatment.

Detector Faults:

  • Abnormal Signal: Check and clean the detector nozzle and gas pipeline regularly.
  • Decreased Sensitivity: Adjust detector sensitivity settings and check gas flow rates.
  • Contamination: Use high-temperature aging or solvent cleaning for the detector.

System Leaks:

  • Check instrument connections, seals, or pipelines for tightness and replace damaged parts.
  • Use leak detection solution to check connection points for leaks and ensure instrument sealing.

Background Noise and Baseline Drift:

  • Check for a stable instrument environment and adjust detector sensitivity and baseline.
  • Regularly calibrate the instrument and check the stability of flow rate, temperature, and pressure parameters.

Flow Rate Issues:

  • Check the injection system, flow controller, and column for stable flow.
  • Replace the gas flow control valve or adjust gas flow settings.

Sample Contamination:

  • Prepare clean samples and regularly clean the injector and system.
  • Use pre-columns or guard columns to capture semi-volatile and non-volatile impurities.

IV. Maintenance Precautions

  • Before any maintenance, always turn off the chromatograph power and disconnect from the power source.
  • Use appropriate tools and solvents for cleaning and maintenance to avoid damaging instrument components.
  • Regularly maintain and service the instrument, such as replacing filters and cleaning nozzles and gas pipelines.
  • For complex faults, consult the instrument operation manual or seek assistance from professional technicians.

V. Brands and Models Repaired by Rongji Electromechanical Company

Agilent Technologies:

  • GC: 8890 GC System, 7890B GC System, 8860 GC System
  • HPLC/UPLC: 1290 Infinity II LC System, 1260 Infinity II LC System, 1220 Infinity II LC System
  • GC-MS: 8890 GC/MSD System, 7250 GC/Q-TOF, 7010 Triple Quadrupole GC/MS
  • LC-MS: 6546 LC/Q-TOF, 6470 LC/TQ, 6495B LC/TQ

Thermo Fisher Scientific:

  • GC: TRACE 1310 GC, TRACE 1300 GC
  • HPLC/UPLC: Vanquish UHPLC System, UltiMate 3000 HPLC System
  • GC-MS: TSQ 9000 GC-MS/MS, ISQ 7000 Single Quadrupole GC-MS
  • LC-MS: Orbitrap Exploris 240, TSQ Altis Triple Quadrupole, Q Exactive HF-X

Shimadzu:

  • GC: Nexis GC-2030, GC-2010 Plus
  • HPLC/UPLC: Nexera X2 UHPLC, Prominence HPLC
  • GC-MS: GCMS-QP2020 NX, GCMS-TQ8050 NX
  • LC-MS: LCMS-8050, LCMS-8060

Waters:

  • HPLC/UPLC: ACQUITY UPLC H-Class PLUS, ACQUITY Arc System, Alliance HPLC System
  • LC-MS: Xevo TQ-S micro, Xevo G2-XS QTof, SYNAPT XS

PerkinElmer:

  • GC: Clarus 690 GC, Clarus 580 GC
  • HPLC/UPLC: Flexar UHPLC, Flexar HPLC, LC-2030C
  • GC-MS: Clarus SQ 8 GC/MS
  • LC-MS: QSight 220 Triple Quad

Bruker:

  • GC-MS: SCION TQ, SCION SQ
  • LC-MS: timsTOF Pro, maXis II

SCIEX:

  • LC-MS: TripleTOF 6600, Triple Quad 7500, X500R QTOF

Hitachi High-Tech:

  • HPLC/UPLC: Chromaster HPLC, LaChromUltra

JASCO:

  • HPLC/UPLC: LC-4000 Series, X-LC Series

LECO:

  • GC: Pegasus BT GC-TOFMS, Pegasus 4D GCxGC-TOFMS

Tianmei (Selian):

  • GC: SCION 8300 GC, SCION 8500, Selian 436i/456i, GC7980, GC7980Plus, GC7900

Varian (acquired by Agilent):

  • GC: CP-3800, CP-3900, Varian 450-GC, Varian 490-GC
  • HPLC: Varian ProStar 210 HPLC, Varian ProStar 218 HPLC, Varian ProStar 335 HPLC, Varian 940-LC
  • GC-MS: Varian Saturn 2000 GC/MS, Varian Saturn 2200 GC/MS, Varian 450-GC/320-MS, Varian 431-GC/210-MS
  • LC-MS: Varian 1200-LC, Varian 500-MS LC/MS, Varian 610-MS LC/MS
  • IC: Varian 920-LC

About Rongji Electromechanical Company

With nearly 30 years of experience in repairing chromatography instruments, Rongji Electromechanical Company offers swift and efficient repairs for various types of chromatographs. Additionally, we recycle and sell used chromatographs. For more information, please contact us.

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Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen Analyzer: Operating Guide and Maintenance

I. Principle of Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen Analyzer

The Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen Analyzer is a crucial tool in environmental protection and water quality management. It rapidly and accurately measures the total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) content in water samples, providing important data for water quality assessment. The analyzer works based on chemical analysis methods, converting TP and TN in water samples into measurable forms through specific reactions. For instance, TP is often determined using the molybdate colorimetric method, where the absorbance of the blue complex formed is measured; TN may be determined using the Kjeldahl method or nitride reduction method, converting nitrogen into ammonia for measurement.

II. Usage Instructions

Sample Preparation:

  • Collect water samples according to prescribed methods and perform necessary pretreatments, such as filtration and dilution, to ensure sample representativeness and measurability.
  • Avoid contamination and cross-contamination, maintaining sample stability.

Parameter Setting:

  • Reasonably set analyzer parameters, such as detection wavelength, titration volume, and reagent ratio, based on the TP and TN measurement range.

Instrument Calibration:

  • Calibrate the analyzer before sample measurement to eliminate instrument background effects and external interference, ensuring measurement accuracy and comparability.

Measurement Operation:

  • Follow the analyzer’s instruction manual, adding samples and reagents in a specific order and initiating the measurement program.
  • Adhere to operational norms and safety requirements to ensure reliable and stable results.

Result Calculation and Analysis:

  • Use corresponding calculation formulas to compute TP and TN content based on analyzer output, performing unit conversions (e.g., mg/L).
  • Analyze and evaluate data according to measurement results and relevant standards, assessing water sample quality and implementing appropriate environmental protection and water management measures.

III. Common Faults and Repair Methods

Inaccurate Measurement Results:

  • Check if the instrument is correctly calibrated and ensure proper sample collection and handling. Consult the manufacturer or professionals if needed.

Unstable Data Transmission:

  • Check network connection stability and avoid signal interference. Ensure compatibility between the instrument and data processing software. Consider changing the network environment or upgrading software if necessary.

Instrument Alarm:

  • View device alarm messages to understand the fault type. Take corresponding measures based on the cause. If unable to resolve the issue, contact professional maintenance personnel.

Instrument Aging and Damage:

  • Regularly maintain and service the instrument, including cleaning and calibration, following its lifespan and maintenance cycle. Long-term use or improper maintenance can lead to aging and damage, affecting measurement accuracy.

Environmental Interference:

  • Control changes in environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, and lighting, during instrument use. These factors may impact measurement results and stability. Perform corrections and adjustments as needed.

IV. Brands and Models Repaired by Longi Electromechanical Company

  1. Shimadzu:
    • TNP-4200, TOC-L Series (with TNM-L)
    • TOC-4200 (with TNM-4200)
  2. Hach:
    • Phosphax sigma
    • Phosphax sc
    • Nitratax plus sc
  3. Thermo Fisher Scientific:
    • Gallery Plus discrete analyzer
    • Gallery discrete analyzer
  4. Skalar:
    • SAN++ Continuous Flow Analyzer
    • BluVision Discrete Analyzer
  5. SEAL Analytical:
    • AQ400 Discrete Analyzer
    • AQ300 Discrete Analyzer
    • AutoAnalyzer 3 HR
  6. Metrohm:
    • 870 Compact IC flex (with 850 Professional IC)
  7. YSI (Xylem Analytics):
    • YSI 9300 Photometer
    • YSI 9500 Photometer
  8. PerkinElmer:
    • NexION 2000 ICP-MS
  9. Horiba:
    • Aqualog
  10. Analytik Jena:
    • multi N/C Series (multi N/C 2100/3100/UV HS TOC/TN analyzer)

V. About Longi Electromechanical Company

With nearly 30 years of experience in repairing Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen Analyzers, Rongji Electromechanical Company offers quick and efficient repairs for various instruments. Additionally, we recycle and sell used analyzers. For more information, please contact us.