Author: baiyuzhan

1. Basic Working Principle of Yarn Winders and Winding Machines

Yarn winders and winding machines are two critical pieces of equipment widely used in the textile industry, primarily for winding yarn from the spinning process into yarn spools. While their operation slightly differs, their fundamental goal is the same: to wind yarn uniformly and efficiently while controlling the tension.

The winding process typically begins when yarn is fed into the winder from the feeding device. The winder, or spool, is driven by a motor that rotates, and as the spool rotates, yarn is gradually wound onto it. The diameter of the spool increases as the yarn is wound, and at this stage, it is necessary to stabilize the yarn’s transport through the yarn feeding device and control the tension. To ensure the quality of the winding, the motor speed of the winder, the speed of the yarn feeding motor, and the speed of the traverse mechanism need to be adjusted. This coordination helps prevent issues such as uneven yarn tension or improper winding.

2. Core Parameter Calculation Methods

In the winding process, critical parameters such as yarn speed, yarn length, and tension directly affect the quality of the winding. To ensure an efficient and stable winding process, it is essential to accurately calculate and set these core parameters.

1. Calculation of Yarn Speed

Yarn speed refers to the linear speed at which the yarn moves through the winding device, typically measured in meters per minute (m/min). Yarn speed directly affects yarn tension and the efficiency of each winding cycle. The calculation formula is: Yarn speed(m/min)=Spool diameter(mm)×π×Chain speed(r/min)1000\text{Yarn speed} (m/min) = \frac{\text{Spool diameter} (mm) \times \pi \times \text{Chain speed} (r/min)}{1000}

Where the spool diameter (D) is the diameter of the yarn spool formed during the winding process, and the chain speed is the speed of the motor. The formula uses π\pi as the constant for calculating the circumference, and 1000 is the conversion factor from millimeters to meters. This formula allows for calculating the actual yarn speed during the winding process.

2. Calculation of Yarn Length

Yarn length refers to the total length of yarn used in each winding cycle. The formula for calculating yarn length is: Yarn length(m)=Yarn weight(g)×9000Yarn Denier(Den)\text{Yarn length} (m) = \frac{\text{Yarn weight} (g) \times 9000}{\text{Yarn Denier} (Den)}

Yarn denier is a unit of yarn density, representing the weight of 9000 meters of yarn. By knowing the yarn weight and denier, we can calculate the required winding length.

3. Tension Control

Tension is one of the most important parameters in the winding process. It directly determines the tightness and uniformity of the winding. Since the diameter of the spool changes during the winding process, yarn tension will fluctuate as well. Typically, when the spool diameter is small, the yarn tension is high, and when the spool diameter increases, the tension decreases.

To maintain stable tension, it is necessary to adjust the motor speeds of the winder and yarn feeder, and the traverse speed, which can effectively prevent the yarn from becoming too loose or too tight. The stability of tension is a key factor in the final yarn quality and affects properties such as yarn strength and elasticity.

3. Key Points for Winding and Yarn Feeding Control

The control of winding and yarn feeding involves several factors, mainly coordinating the motor speeds of the winder, yarn feeder, and traverse mechanism to ensure uniform and orderly yarn placement.

1. Winder Motor Control: The winder motor needs to adjust its speed to accommodate the increasing spool diameter. As more yarn is wound, the diameter of the spool increases, and the motor speed needs to decrease accordingly to ensure that the yarn tension does not become excessive. In this case, the sway frequency function can help adjust the frequency fluctuations, preventing tension fluctuations caused by a constant frequency.
2. Yarn Feeder Motor Control: The primary task of the yarn feeder motor is to transport the yarn from the supply device to the winder. The speed of the yarn feeder needs to be coordinated with the winder motor speed to ensure that the yarn does not become too loose or too tight. The adjustment of the yarn feeder motor speed directly affects the stability of yarn transport.
3. Traverse Mechanism Control: The traverse mechanism’s role is to adjust the yarn’s placement on the spool, ensuring each layer of yarn is laid down evenly. As the spool diameter changes, the traverse mechanism needs to adjust its speed according to preset parameters to maintain the correct yarn placement angle and density.

4. The Mechanism and Nature of Tension Stability

Tension stability is one of the most critical issues in the winding process, as any fluctuation in tension can lead to yarn breakage, slackness, or uneven winding. The stability of tension mainly relies on the following factors:

1. Adjustment of Motor Speed: By adjusting the motor speeds of the winder and yarn feeder, the yarn tension can be kept uniform throughout the winding process. If the motor speed is too high, it may cause the yarn to become too tight; if it is too low, the yarn may become slack.
2. Cooperation of the Traverse Mechanism: The control of the traverse mechanism helps to adjust the yarn’s tension distribution, especially when the spool diameter changes significantly. The traverse mechanism can balance the yarn’s tension in this case.
3. Control of Frequency Fluctuations: As mentioned earlier, the sway frequency function adjusts the motor frequency periodically to stabilize tension and ensure that yarn remains uniform throughout the winding process.
4. Real-Time Feedback and Adjustment: Although traditional winding control is mostly open-loop control, with the advancement of modern control technologies, many systems now integrate real-time monitoring and feedback mechanisms. By monitoring tension changes, the system can adjust motor speeds or traverse speeds to ensure tension remains within a preset range.

5. The Importance of Sway Frequency and Its Implementation

The sway frequency function is crucial in the winding process. By periodically adjusting the frequency fluctuations of the motor, it reduces and controls tension variations, preventing issues caused by frequent tension changes in the yarn. Modern frequency converters are generally equipped with this function, especially in the textile, spinning, and yarn winding industries. The sway frequency function has become an important method of controlling tension.

Implementation of sway frequency usually relies on the internal algorithms of modern frequency converters, which adjust the frequency periodically to simulate or adjust the mechanical motion during actual production, ultimately achieving the optimal tension distribution effect.

6. The Use of KL-626 Controller

The KL-626 controller is a commonly used device for yarn winders. Its primary function is to adjust the motor speeds, traverse motion, and tension control during the winding and yarn feeding process. The following are some key parameters and usage methods for the KL-626 controller:

1. P.01DD Winding Mode: Used to select the winding mode, such as “Continuous”, “Shut-off”, etc. Different modes can be selected according to the production needs.
2. P.02TR Running Time: Controls the running time for each cycle, i.e., the duration of each winding process. This needs to be adjusted according to actual needs.
3. P.03L1 Starting Travel: Sets the starting position of the winder. It should be adjusted based on the length of the spool and the required number of winding layers.
4. P.05F1 Starting Frequency: Sets the motor frequency at the start of the winding process. This parameter determines the initial yarn tension.
5. P.07UT Traverse Speed: Controls the speed of the traverse mechanism. This parameter adjusts the speed at which the yarn is laid on the spool, based on the spool’s diameter and the required yarn placement density.

7. Replacement and Adjustment Ideas

With advancements in technology, modern frequency converters and PLC systems have gradually replaced some functions of the KL-626 controller. The sway frequency function in modern frequency converters can directly control the winder and yarn feeder motors, while the PLC can be programmed to achieve more flexible control. Here are some suggestions for replacement and adjustment:

1. Using Modern Frequency Converters with Sway Frequency Function: Modern frequency converters with the sway frequency function can replace part of the KL-626 controller’s functions by adjusting the frequency fluctuations to stabilize yarn tension, simplifying the control system.
2. Using PLC Control Systems: PLCs can programmatically control the frequency converter’s settings, adjust speeds, and monitor tension. PLCs offer higher flexibility and customizability, which makes them suitable for applications that require customized adjustments.
3. Adjusting Key Parameters: Based on actual equipment requirements, key parameters like P.02 (running time), P.03 (starting travel), and others should be adjusted to ensure that tension is stable during the winding process, avoiding excess tightness or slackness.

8. Conclusion

The control of yarn winders and winding machines involves multiple critical parameters, with tension control being the most crucial. By optimizing the sway frequency function in modern frequency converters, adjusting motor speeds, and regulating traverse speeds, yarn tension can be stabilized during the entire winding process. The KL-626 controller, a traditional specialized controller, sets parameters to control the winding process, but modern frequency converters and PLC control systems have become important alternatives. With the help of these advanced control methods, the efficiency and quality of textile production have been significantly improved.

I. Introduction

Blow molding machines are critical equipment for producing hollow plastic products (such as PE bottles and containers), with processes involving extrusion, clamping, blow molding, cooling, and mold opening. The Parker 590+ DC drive, with its precise speed and torque control capabilities, is particularly well-suited for controlling DC motors in blow molding machines. This document elaborates on the application of the 590+ drive in PE material blow molding machines, covering motor functions, wiring schemes, parameter settings, control system integration, and textual descriptions of electrical wiring diagrams and control schematics.

II. Analysis of Motor Functions in Blow Molding Machines

The process flow of blow molding machines (especially for PE material extrusion blow molding) includes:

1. Extrusion: Plastic pellets are melted through the extruder screw to form a tubular parison.
2. Clamping: The mold closes to clamp the parison.
3. Blow Molding: Air is injected into the parison to expand it into shape.
4. Cooling: The molded product is cooled.
5. Mold Opening: The mold is opened to remove the finished product.

Motor Functions

Based on the blow molding process, the following motors are suitable for use with the 590+ DC drive:

1. Extruder Motor:
   • Function: Drives the screw to control the plastic melting and extrusion speed.
   • Requirements: Precise speed control, smooth acceleration/deceleration, and overload protection.
   • Reason: PE materials require a stable extrusion speed to ensure uniform parison, emphasizing the need for high torque and precise speed control in the extruder.
2. Clamp Unit Motor:
   • Function: Controls the opening and closing of the mold.
   • Requirements: Rapid response and precise speed or position control.
   • Reason: Quick and accurate mold movements can improve production efficiency, requiring precise control of the clamping system.
3. Other Motors (such as conveying and blow molding) typically use AC motors or pneumatic/hydraulic systems and are not suitable for the 590+ DC drive.

Motor Specifications (Based on User Input)

• Rated Voltage: 440V
• Rated Current: 25.1A
• Power: 15kW
• Speed: 1500 rpm
• Field: Field current not provided; assumed to use voltage control mode.

Assumption: The extruder motor uses the above specifications, while the clamp unit motor specifications may differ (e.g., 10A, assumed value) and need to be adjusted according to the actual nameplate.

III. Application Design of the 590+ DC Drive

1. Application Positions and Functions

(1) Extruder Motor

• Control Mode: Speed Control Mode (Speed Setpoint).
• Functions:
  • Precisely control the screw speed to ensure uniform melting of PE materials.
  • Maintain stable extrusion through PID control.
  • Use Ramp function for smooth start/stop.
• Implementation: The drive receives a 0-10V speed reference signal from the PLC and feeds back the actual speed via an encoder or DC generator.

(2) Clamp Unit Motor

• Control Mode: Speed Control Mode (Speed Setpoint) or Position Control Mode (if supported).
• Functions:
  • Control the rapid closing and opening of the mold.
  • Ensure precise movements to reduce mechanical shock.
• Implementation: The drive receives open/close commands from the PLC and may use limit switches for position control.

2. Wiring Scheme

(1) Motor Connections

• Extruder Motor:
  • Armature: Connect to the drive’s A1 (positive)/A2 (negative) terminals.
  • Field: If internally powered, no connection is needed; if externally powered, connect to FL1/FL2 terminals (refer to manual).
• Clamp Unit Motor: Same as above; confirm based on actual motor specifications.

(2) Control Signal Connections

• Speed Reference:
  • PLC analog output (0-10V) connected to the A4 terminal (ANIN3).
  • Ensure signal shielding to reduce noise.
• Start/Stop:
  • PLC digital output connected to the C3 terminal (DIGN2, start).
  • PLC digital output connected to the C4 terminal (DIGN3, stop, or use a single signal).
• Feedback:
  • Encoder connected to the drive’s encoder input terminals.
  • DC generator connected to the TB terminal.
• Communication:
  • P3 port connected to the PLC communication interface (e.g., RS-485) for data exchange.

(3) Power Connections

• Main Power: Three-phase AC power (380V or matching voltage) connected to the L1/L2/L3 terminals.
• Control Power: 24V DC connected to the C9 (+24V)/C10 (0V) terminals.

Wiring Precautions

• Use shielded cables to reduce electromagnetic interference.
• Ensure good grounding and compliance with safety standards.
• Refer to the wiring diagram in Appendix L of the manual.

3. Parameter Settings

(1) Extruder Motor

The following parameters are based on the motor nameplate (440V, 25.1A):

Parameter Name	Label	Setting Value	Range	Default	Notes
ARMATURE V CAL.	20	1.0353	0.9800 to 1.1000	1.0000	Voltage switch set to 425V
CUR. LIMIT/SCALER	15	100.00%	0.00 to 200.00%	100.00%	Corresponds to 25.1A
MAIN CURR. LIMIT	421	100.00%	0.00 to 200.00%	200.00%	Adjustable as needed
FIELD CONTROL MODE	209	VOLTAGE	VOLTAGE/CURRENT	VOLTAGE	Voltage control mode
RATIO OUT/IN	210	90.00%	0.00 to 100.00%	90.00%	Initial field voltage ratio
SPEED FBK SELECT	10	ENCODER	Multiple options	–	Assume encoder used
MODE	1	Speed Setpoint	Multiple modes	–	Speed control mode
RAMP RATE (Accel)	2	5.0 seconds	0.1 to 600.0 seconds	–	Smooth acceleration
RAMP RATE (Decel)	3	5.0 seconds	0.1 to 600.0 seconds	–	Smooth deceleration

(2) Clamp Unit Motor

Assuming a current of 10A, other parameters are similar:

Parameter Name	Label	Setting Value	Range	Default	Notes
ARMATURE V CAL.	20	1.0353	0.9800 to 1.1000	1.0000	Voltage switch set to 425V
CUR. LIMIT/SCALER	15	100.00%	0.00 to 200.00%	100.00%	Corresponds to 10A
MAIN CURR. LIMIT	421	100.00%	0.00 to 200.00%	200.00%	Adjustable as needed
FIELD CONTROL MODE	209	VOLTAGE	VOLTAGE/CURRENT	VOLTAGE	Voltage control mode
RATIO OUT/IN	210	90.00%	0.00 to 100.00%	90.00%	Initial field voltage ratio
SPEED FBK SELECT	10	ENCODER	Multiple options	–	Assume encoder used
MODE	1	Speed Setpoint	Multiple modes	–	Speed control or position control
RAMP RATE (Accel)	2	2.0 seconds	0.1 to 600.0 seconds	–	Rapid acceleration
RAMP RATE (Decel)	3	2.0 seconds	0.1 to 600.0 seconds	–	Rapid deceleration

Setting Steps:

1. Enter the configuration mode via MMI (CONFIGURE ENABLE = ENABLED).
2. Set the above parameters, referring to the manual’s menu system.
3. Save the parameters (CONFIGURE ENABLE = DISABLED).

4. Control System Integration

(1) PLC Selection

• Recommendation: Siemens S7-1200 (compact, suitable for small to medium-sized blow molding machines) or S7-300 (suitable for large equipment).
• Functions:
  • Control the process flow (extrusion, clamping, blow molding, mold opening).
  • Send analog signals (speed reference) and digital signals (start/stop).
  • Receive feedback from the drive (speed, current, faults).
• Modules:
  • Analog output module (e.g., EM 231, 0-10V).
  • Digital output module (e.g., EM 222).
  • Communication module (e.g., RS-485).

(2) HMI Selection

• Recommendation: Siemens KTP700 Basic or Allen-Bradley PanelView Plus.
• Functions:
  • Display extrusion speed, motor current, and fault status.
  • Provide start/stop buttons and speed setting interface.
  • Alarm management.
• Interface Example:
  • Home Page: Display running status, speed, current.
  • Settings Page: Adjust extrusion speed, clamping speed.
  • Alarm Page: Display drive fault codes.

(3) Industrial PC (Optional)

• Recommendation: Siemens Simatic IPC477E or Beckhoff CX5130.
• Functions:
  • Recipe management (store parameters for different PE products).
  • Data logging (production data, fault logs).
• Applicable Scenarios: Large production lines or when advanced automation functions are required.

(4) Control Logic

• PLC Program:
  • Main Cycle: Execute in process order (extrusion → clamping → blow molding → cooling → mold opening).
  • Extruder:
    • On startup, set speed reference (e.g., 50%) and activate the C3 terminal.
    • On shutdown, deactivate C3 and set speed to 0.
  • Clamp Unit:
    • Before blow molding, send a close command (speed 100%).
    • After blow molding, send an open command (speed -100% or reverse).
• Example Logic (Text Description):
  • Press the “Start” button:
    • Output speed reference (Q0.0, 0-10V) to A4.
    • Activate C3 (Q0.1, start).
  • Clamping phase:
    • Output clamping speed (Q0.2, 0-10V) to the clamp drive’s A4.
    • Activate clamp C3 (Q0.3, start).

5. Electrical Wiring Diagram and Control Schematic

(1) Extruder Wiring Diagram (Text Description)

[Three-phase power 380V] --> [L1/L2/L3] --> [590+ input terminals][24V DC power] --> [C9(+24V)/C10(0V)] --> [590+ control power][Extruder motor armature] --> [A1/A2] --> [590+ output terminals][Extruder motor field] --> [FL1/FL2] --> [590+ field terminals] (if externally powered)[PLC analog output 0-10V] --> [A4(ANIN3)] --> [590+ speed reference][PLC digital output] --> [C3(DIGN2)] --> [590+ start][PLC digital output] --> [C4(DIGN3)] --> [590+ stop][Encoder] --> [Encoder input] --> [590+ feedback]

(2) Clamp Unit Wiring Diagram (Text Description)

[Three-phase power 380V] --> [L1/L2/L3] --> [590+ input terminals][24V DC power] --> [C9(+24V)/C10(0V)] --> [590+ control power][Clamp motor armature] --> [A1/A2] --> [590+ output terminals][Clamp motor field] --> [FL1/FL2] --> [590+ field terminals] (if externally powered)[PLC analog output 0-10V] --> [A4(ANIN3)] --> [590+ speed reference][PLC digital output] --> [C3(DIGN2)] --> [590+ start][PLC digital output] --> [C4(DIGN3)] --> [590+ stop][Limit switch] --> [Digital input] --> [590+ position feedback]

(3) Control Schematic (Text Description)

[Operator] --> [HMI KTP700][HMI] --> [PLC S7-1200][PLC] --> [Analog output Q0.0] --> [Extruder 590+ A4][PLC] --> [Digital output Q0.1] --> [Extruder 590+ C3][PLC] --> [Analog output Q0.2] --> [Clamp 590+ A4][PLC] --> [Digital output Q0.3] --> [Clamp 590+ C3][Extruder 590+] --> [Extruder motor] --> [Screw][Clamp 590+] --> [Clamp motor] --> [Mold][PLC] --> [Other controls] --> [Blow molding valve, cooling system]

6. Implementation Steps

(1) Wiring

1. Confirm the power supply voltage (380V or matching).
2. Connect the motor armature (A1/A2) and field (FL1/FL2, if required).
3. Connect the control power (C9/C10).
4. Connect the PLC analog output to A4 and digital outputs to C3/C4.
5. Connect feedback devices (encoder or DC generator).
6. Connect the P3 port to the PLC communication interface.

(2) Parameter Setting

1. Enter the MMI and set CONFIGURE ENABLE = ENABLED.
2. Set parameters such as armature voltage, current limit, field mode, etc.
3. Configure speed feedback and control mode.
4. Save parameters and set CONFIGURE ENABLE = DISABLED.

(3) PLC and HMI Configuration

1. Write the process control program in the PLC.
2. Configure the HMI interface, adding status displays and control buttons.
3. Test communication (PLC with the drive).

(4) Testing and Debugging

1. Power on and check the drive status (no alarms).
2. Start the extruder via the HMI and verify speed control.
3. Test the clamp unit’s opening and closing to ensure accurate movements.
4. Adjust parameters (e.g., Ramp time, PID gain) to optimize performance.

7. Precautions

• Safety: Power off before wiring and comply with electrical safety standards.
• Debugging: Test step-by-step to avoid motor overload or mechanical damage.
• PE Material Characteristics: Ensure extrusion speed is coordinated with temperature control.

8. Conclusion

By applying the Parker 590+ DC drive to the extruder and clamp unit of a blow molding machine, precise motor control can be achieved, improving the production efficiency and quality of PE products. The wiring scheme ensures reliable signal transmission, parameter settings match motor requirements, and PLC and HMI integration enable automated control. This scheme is a general design and may require fine-tuning based on specific equipment and processes.

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