Do you have surplus or second-hand industrial control products lying around, such as VFDs, PLCs, touch screens, servo systems, CNC systems, robots, instruments, sensors, or control panels? Longi Electromechanical is here to help you monetize your inventory quickly and efficiently, regardless of its condition or age.
With over 20 years of experience in the industry, Longi Electromechanical has built a reputation for integrity, fair dealing, and conscientious management. We take every transaction seriously and strive to offer the best possible prices to our partners.
Our procurement process is designed to be fast, convenient, and secure. We follow strict principles of confidentiality and security, ensuring that your transactions are handled with the utmost care. We offer cash payments and can even estimate a reasonable acquisition price online through pictures or videos provided by you.
Whether you prefer logistics collection, online payment, or face-to-face transactions, we’re here to accommodate your needs. So why wait? Contact Longi Electromechanical today and start accelerating your capital recovery with our high-price cash recovery services for used industrial control products!
Longi Electromechanical: Your Trusted Partner for Industrial Control Product Recycling.
Longi Electromechanical Company specializes in the repair of various types of ultrasonic equipment using advanced AI methods and a dedicated technical team. We offer component-level maintenance and can resolve common issues on the same day, minimizing downtime and maximizing customer productivity. With a vast experience of repairing over 2000 ultrasonic devices, we have honed our skills to handle a wide range of brands and models.
Produktion mit CNC-Maschine, Bohren und Schweißen und Konstruktionszeichnung im Industriebetrieb.
Contact Us: Phone/WhatsApp: +8618028667265
Key Services and Features:
Comprehensive Repair Solutions: From plastic hot plate welding machines to ultrasonic flaw detectors, we repair a diverse range of ultrasonic equipment.
Brand Expertise: We have experience with numerous brands, including Minghe, Changrong, Swiss RINCO, and many more, ensuring optimal performance restoration.
Warranty and Cost-Effectiveness: Repaired equipment comes with a one-year warranty for the same problem point, and our maintenance costs are competitive.
Quick Turnaround: We prioritize efficient repairs to get your equipment back in operation as soon as possible.
Types of Ultrasonic Equipment We Repair:
Plastic Welding Equipment: Ultrasonic welding machines, hot plate welding machines, multi-head ultrasonic welding machines, and more.
Metal Welding Equipment: Ultrasonic metal welding machines, spot welding machines, wire welding machines, and roll welding machines.
Automotive Welding Equipment: Door panel welding machines, interior part welding machines, instrument panel welding machines, and more.
Specialized Equipment: Ultrasonic flaw detectors, cutting machines, food cutting machines, tool heads, and various other ultrasonic devices.
Components and Parts: Ultrasonic vibrating plates, power boards, transducers, generators, and supporting tooling.
Common Faults We Address:
Cleaning water surface not vibrating
Debonding between vibrator and load
Mold head misalignment
No display on startup
Overload or overcurrent during welding
High current during testing
Insufficient or excessive welding heat
Vibrator leakage waves
Unresponsive buttons
Travel protection issues
Power adjustment problems
Insufficient ultrasonic intensity
Cracked transducer ceramic
Burned-out power tube
Voltage stabilization issues
Inductor and isolation transformer problems
Disconnected vibrator wire
Repair Principles:
Observe, Understand, Act: Begin by inquiring about the issue from frontline staff, checking for voltage fluctuations, and understanding the context before taking action.
Simple Before Complex: Rule out peripheral issues like the environment, electricity, load, raw materials, and molds before diving into more complex repairs.
Address Mechanical Issues First: Visible mechanical problems, such as mold issues, should be addressed before exploring electrical causes.
Trust Longi Electromechanical Company for reliable, efficient, and cost-effective ultrasonic equipment repair services. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help keep your ultrasonic equipment running smoothly. WhatSapp:+8618028667265, Zalo:+8613922254854
Intelligent Precision Instrument Maintenance Base,Professional maintenance of various intelligent instruments and meters, phone/WhatsApp:+8618028667265, Mr. Guo;Zalo:+8613922254854
Longi Electromechanical specializes in repairing various imported intelligent precision instruments and meters, and has accumulated rich maintenance experience over the years, especially environmental testing instruments, electrical instruments, thermal instruments, acoustic and flow instruments, and electrical instruments. Environmental testing instruments, thermal instruments, acoustic and flow instruments, We can quickly repair radio instruments, length instruments, environmental testing equipment, quality inspection instruments, etc. Different instruments have different characteristics and functions, and their circuits and structures are also different. Even for the same instrument, if there are different faults, repairing them is still a different solution. Rongji Company has numerous high-end maintenance engineers equipped with artificial intelligence AI detection instruments, which can provide you with multi-dimensional solutions to various tricky instrument problems.
Over the years, Longi Electromechanical has repaired instruments including but not limited to:
Spectrum analyzers, network analyzers, integrated test instruments, 3D laser scanners, noise figure testers, receivers, telephone testers, high and low-frequency signal sources, audio and video signal analyzers, constant temperature and humidity chambers, thermal shock chambers, simulated transport vibration tables, mechanical vibration tables, AC grounding impedance safety testers, safety comprehensive analyzers, withstand voltage testers, battery internal resistance testers, high-precision multimeters, precision analyzers, gas and liquid analyzers, metal detectors, LCR digital bridges, oscilloscopes, electronic loads, power meters, power analyzers, multimeters, DC power supplies, AC power supplies, CNC power supplies, variable frequency power supplies, and various communication power supplies.
We have repaired the following brands:
Chroma, ITECH, Tonghui, Agilent, Tektronix, Keysight, Fluke, Keithley, Rohde & Schwarz, Lecroy, Anritsu, Rigol, and many more.
Longi Electromechanical strives to provide comprehensive repair services for a wide range of instruments and equipment, ensuring that our customers’ devices are restored to optimal performance.
Longi maintenance engineers possess over twenty years of experience in instrument repair. We have multiple engineers who excel in repairing imported precision instruments. The team works together, enabling faster troubleshooting and quick resolution of complex issues while improving the repair rate of instruments.
Spare parts are fundamental to successful repairs. Many imported instruments and meters require specialized components that cannot be easily replaced with generic market parts. Rongji Electromechanical maintains a long-term stock of electronic components for various instruments, ensuring their availability when needed.
Documentation and manuals are also crucial tools for ensuring rapid repairs. Accessing these resources allows for quick research and analysis of faults, enabling engineers to quickly identify the repair priorities. Longi Electromechanical has a long history of collecting specifications for various brands and models of instruments, greatly aiding in the repair process.
The intelligent instruments that have been carefully repaired by us can generally continue to be used for about 5 years. We promise that when the same malfunction occurs again, our repair service will provide a one-year warranty service.
Global Touch Screen Repair Services: Expert Maintenance for All Your Touch Screen Needs
Touch screens have become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we interact with machines in various industries including industrial, commercial, and medical fields. These versatile devices come in different forms such as resistive, capacitive, infrared, and ultrasonic screens, each serving unique purposes. However, due to their frequent use and delicate glass structure, touch screens are prone to damage, particularly to the outer touch surface known as the “touchpad.”
For over two decades, Rongji Electromechanical Maintenance has been a trusted name in the touch screen repair industry. With extensive experience in handling touch screens across diverse sectors, we specialize in repairing both resistive and capacitive screens used in automobiles and other critical applications. Our expertise ensures that your touch screens are restored to optimal functionality, minimizing downtime and maximizing efficiency.
The Repair Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Disassembly and Inspection: We begin by carefully removing the back cover and motherboard screws of the touch screen. This step allows us to access the internal components and assess the extent of the damage.
Heating and Peeling: Our skilled technicians use a hair dryer to gently heat the film adhering to the touch screen. This softens the adhesive, making it easier to peel off the outer layer without causing further damage.
Touchpad Replacement: Once the old touchpad is removed, we replace it with a high-quality touchpad from our inventory. Longi Electromechanical Company has reverse-engineered various touch screen models, ensuring that our replacement parts are fully compatible with the original equipment.
Reassembly: We apply double-sided tape to the touch screen border and securely attach the new touchpad. This ensures a perfect fit and optimal performance.
Testing and Fine-Tuning: With the new touchpad in place, we reinstall the motherboard and LCD, then flip the unit over to test its functionality. Our rigorous testing process ensures that the touch screen operates smoothly and accurately.
Final Assembly and Quality Check: After successful testing, we apply a protective film to the touch screen and reassemble the unit. A final quality check is performed to ensure that the repair meets our high standards.
Addressing Complex Issues
In addition to touchpad replacements, we also handle more complex issues such as circuit failures and software problems. Our team uses professional software analysis and hardware processing techniques to diagnose and repair these issues, ensuring that your touch screen is fully restored to its original state.
Our Repair Services Cover a Wide Range of Brands
At Rongji Electromechanical Company, we have repaired touch screens from numerous brands including Siemens, Proface, Mitsubishi, Fuji, Panasonic, OMRON, and many more. Our extensive experience and expertise enable us to provide reliable repair services for a wide variety of touch screen models.
Common Touch Screen Problems We Solve
Unresponsive Touch Screen: If your touch screen is visible but cannot be touched or clicked, it may be due to a faulty touch panel. Our experts can replace the panel to restore functionality.
No Display: If your touch screen does not display anything and the indicator lights are off, it could be a power supply issue. We can diagnose and repair the problem to get your touch screen back up and running.
Black Screen: If your touch screen functions but displays a black screen, it may be due to a burned-out backlight tube. We can replace the tube to restore the display.
Distorted Image or Abnormal Colors: Issues with the LCD or connecting cables can cause distorted images or abnormal colors. Our technicians can diagnose and repair these issues to ensure clear and accurate display.
Communication Errors: If your touch screen displays a communication error and responds slowly to touch, it may be due to issues with the PLC or other connected devices. We can troubleshoot and repair the connection to ensure smooth communication.
Choose Rongji Electromechanical Maintenance for reliable and professional touch screen repair services. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help you keep your touch screens in optimal condition.WhatSapp:+8618028667265 ;Zalo:+8613922254854
Global Servo CNC maintenance center,Professional maintenance of servo CNC systems
Remember to contact Longi Electromechanical for any issues with servo and CNC systems!
Servo systems differ from VFDs in that they offer higher precision and typically come with delicate encoders. Servo motors are synchronous motors with magnets inside, and if not handled carefully during disassembly and assembly, their original performance may not be restored. Additionally, different servo drivers cannot be used interchangeably with other servo motors. This means that during the repair of a servo driver, a corresponding servo motor and cable plug are required for proper testing. Similarly, repairing a servo motor also requires a matching servo driver for testing, which can pose challenges for many maintenance personnel.
As for CNC (Computer Numerical Control) systems, most are embedded industrial computer types with closed control systems. Each manufacturer has its own design ideas, programming methods, wiring, and communication architectures, making them incompatible with one another.
Longi Electromechanical Company has designed various styles of servo and CNC maintenance test benches to test the working conditions of different CNC systems, servo drivers, or servo motors. When servo systems encounter issues such as no display, phase loss, overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, grounding, overload, module explosion, magnet loss, parameter errors, encoder failures, communication alarms, etc., the corresponding platform can be used to test and diagnose the problem.
Repair Hotline: +8618028667265 Mr. Guo; Zalo:+8613922254854
After resolving these issues, the servo system also needs to undergo a simulated load test to avoid problems such as overcurrent under load conditions, even if it performs well under no-load conditions. This ensures that the servo system is fully functional and ready for use in actual applications.
For the CNC system, it is also necessary to conduct simulated operation before normal delivery to avoid any discrepancy with the on-site parameters. Currently, Rongji Electromechanical possesses hundreds of servo and CNC test benches, which can quickly identify problem areas and promptly resolve issues. With these advanced testing facilities, Longi Electromechanical ensures the smooth operation and reliability of the repaired equipment.
The Servo and CNC Repair Center established by Longi Company currently has over 20 skilled and experienced maintenance engineers who specialize in providing repair services for different brands and specifications of servo and CNC systems. They implement tailored repair solutions for different maintenance projects, ensuring efficient and high-quality service for customers. By helping customers save valuable production time and reducing their maintenance costs, Rongji truly cares about the urgent needs of its customers and strives for common development and progress together.
We have repaired the following brands of servo and CNC systems:
Servo Systems
Lenze Servo Systems
Siemens Servo Systems
Panasonic Servo Systems
Eurotherm Servo Systems
Yaskawa Servo Systems
Fuji Servo Systems
Delta Servo Systems
Omron Servo Systems
Fanuc Servo Systems
Moog Servo Systems
TECO Servo Systems
Norgren Servo Systems
SSB Servo Drive Systems
Hitachi Servo Systems
Toshiba Servo Systems
Denso Servo Systems
Parvex Servo Systems
CNC Systems
Mitsubishi Servo Systems
Sanyo Servo Systems
Mitsubishi CNC (MITSUBISHI)
Fanuc CNC (FANUC)
Siemens CNC (SIEMENS)
Brother CNC (BROTHER)
Mazak CNC (MAZAK)
GSK (Guangzhou Numerical Control)
Huazhong Numerical Control
Fagor CNC
Heidenhain
Haas CNC
NUM (France)
Hurco (USA)
KND (Beijing KND Technology Co., Ltd.)
Leadshine
Syntec
Shenyang Machine Tool i5 *凯恩帝 (KND)
Note: Some of the brand names mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The listing here is for informational purposes only and does not imply any affiliation or endorsement by Rongji Electromechanical or any of the mentioned brands.
Machine Tool Brands
(1) European and American Machine Tools:
Gildemeister
Cincinnati
Fidia
Hardinge
Micron
Giddings
Fadal
Hermle
Pittler
Gleason
Thyssen Group
Mandelli
Sachman
Bridgeport
Hueller-Hille
Starrag
Heckert
Emag
Milltronics
Hass
Strojimport
Spinner
Parpas
(2) Japanese and Korean Machine Tools:
Makino
Mazak
Okuma
Nigata
SNK
Koyo Machinery Industry
Hyundai Heavy Industries
Daewoo Machine Tool
Mori Seiki
Mectron
(3) Taiwanese and Hong Kong Machine Tools:
Hardford
Yang Iron Machine Tool
Leadwell
Taichung Precision Machinery
Dick Lyons
Feeler
Chen Ho Iron Works
Chi Fa Machinery
Hunghsin Precision Machinery
Johnford
Kaofong Industrial
Tong-Tai Machinery
OUMA Technology
Yeongchin Machinery Industry
AWEA
Kaoming Precision Machinery
Jiate Machinery
Leeport (Hong Kong)
Protechnic (Hong Kong)
(4) Chinese Mainland Machine Tools:
Guilin Machine Tool
Yunnan Machine Tool
Beijing No.2 Machine Tool Plant
Beijing No.3 Machine Tool Plant
Tianjin No.1 Machine Tool Plant
Shenyang No.1 Machine Tool Plant
Jinan No.1 Machine Tool Plant
Qinghai No.1 Machine Tool Plant
Changzhou Machine Tool Factory
Zongheng International (formerly Nantong Machine Tool)
Dahe Machine Tool Plant
Baoji Machine Tool Plant
Guilin No.2 Machine Tool Plant
Wanjia Machine Tool Co., Ltd.
Tianjin Delian Machine Tool Service Co., Ltd.
Note: The list provided above is comprehensive but not exhaustive. Machine tool brands and manufacturers are constantly evolving, and new players may have emerged since the compilation of this list. Always refer to the latest industry updates for the most accurate information.
“Longi Electromechanical” has more than 20 years of experience in industrial control maintenance, and is one of the earliest companies engaged in VFD repair. Equipped with artificial intelligence AI maintenance instruments, it specializes in emergency repair of various equipment, with high technical efficiency. It has repaired more than 200,000 units of equipment, including ultrasonic, robot, charging pile, inverter,Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), touch screen, servo, intelligent instrument, industrial control machine, PLC and other products. General problems can be repaired on the same day. LONGI promises you that “if it can’t be repaired, we won’t charge you”. And it provides lifelong maintenance service and free technical consultation for inspection! For urgent repair consultation, please call the contact number or add WHATSAPP maintenance hotline: +8618028667265 Mr. Guo;Zalo:+8613922254854
From European and American brands to Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese ones, until various domestic brands, we have repaired countless models and specifications of VFDs. In the process of serving our customers, we have continuously learned and accumulated maintenance experience to enhance our skills. We specialize not only in repairing VFDs but also in summarizing various maintenance experiences, elevating them to a theoretical level. We have published the book “VFD Maintenance Technology” and offered VFD maintenance training, thereby promoting the development of the VFD maintenance industry. Longi Electromechanical Company has repaired VFDs from the following brands:
Other brands: Migao VFD, Rongqi VFD, Kaiqi VFD, Shiyunjie VFD, Huichuan VFD, Yuzhang VFD, Tianchong VFD, Rongshang Tongda VFD, LG VFD, Hyundai VFD, Daewoo VFD, Samsung VFD, etc.
Longi Electromechanical Company specializes in the maintenance of VFDs and strictly requires its engineers to followlow standard operating procedures. Upon receiving a unit, the engineers carefully inspect its exterior and clarify any fault conditions with the customer before beginning work. Any removed circuit boards are cleaned using ultrasonic cleaning equipment. Repaired circuit boards are coated with high-temperature and high-pressure-resistant insulating paint, dried in a drying machine, and then reinstalled in the VFD, with measures taken to prevent corrosion and interference.
The repaired VFD will undergo a simulated operation with load using a heavy-load test bench to avoid any potential issues that may arise under actual load conditions on site.
When it comes to VFD maintenance, most cases are related to the equipment on site. Sometimes a standalone unit may have been repaired, but it doesn’t work properly when installed on site. In some cases, the problem lies with the system rather than the VFD itself. For such issues, if the customer requests on-site service, we will do our utmost to resolve the problem for them. If the location is far away, such as in another province, we can use tools like video conferencing and phone calls to allow our engineers to remotely diagnose and resolve the on-site issues for the customer.
As a professional company engaged in the sales and services of second-hand industrial control products, we are committed to providing high-quality and performance-oriented second-hand industrial control products to help customers improve production efficiency and reduce costs. The company was founded in 2000 and has gradually become a leading supplier of second-hand industrial control products in the industry through years of development.
Our product range is diverse, including second-hand frequency converters, PLCs, servo drivers, servo motors, industrial touch screens, instruments and meters. These products have undergone strict selection and testing to ensure that their performance and reliability meet the expectations of customers. We believe that these products will be able to meet your various needs and bring huge value to your industrial automation process.
In terms of technical services, we promise to provide customers with comprehensive engineering technical services. Whether you encounter any problems in the process of purchasing products or technical difficulties during operation, we will provide you with timely and professional support. Our technical team will provide you with the most appropriate solution based on your specific situation to ensure the smooth implementation of your project.
To ensure the reliable quality of the products purchased by customers, we provide a three-month warranty service. During the warranty period, if the product has a quality problem, we will provide free maintenance or replacement services for you. Our warranty service aims to allow customers to purchase and use with confidence, making your purchasing experience more pleasant.
If you have any questions or needs about our products or services, please feel free to contact us. You can contact us through telephone, email or visiting our office address. We will serve you wholeheartedly and look forward to cooperating with you.
In conclusion, as a professional second-hand industrial control product company, we use high-quality products, perfect services, and reliable warranties to accompany your industrial automation process. We believe that cooperating with us will be a wise choice for you, and we will do our best to help you achieve your business goals.
Delta MS300 series inverters are widely used in industrial fields due to their high performance and reliability. However, various faults may occur during use. Among them, CP30 fault (internal communication abnormality) is a relatively common fault. This article will systematically analyze the causes, troubleshooting methods, and solutions of CP30 faults based on official materials and actual cases, helping engineers quickly locate problems and restore equipment operation.
I. Definition and Mechanism of CP30 Fault
1.1 Official Definition
According to Delta’s official technical documents, CP30 is a dedicated error code for internal communication of MS300 series inverters, indicating a communication interruption or signal delay between the control board and the drive board. This fault is usually related to abnormal hardware connections, power fluctuations, or component aging.
1.2 Fault Trigger Scenarios
Intermittent Fault: The equipment suddenly reports an error after running for a period of time. It temporarily recovers after restarting, but the fault recurs repeatedly.
After Environmental Changes: Such as restarting after holidays or when there are significant changes in ambient temperature and humidity.
During Load Fluctuations: Load mutations or frequent starts and stops increase communication pressure.
1.3 Fault Mechanism
The core mechanism of the CP30 fault lies in abnormal data interaction between the control board and the drive board, which may be caused by the following reasons:
Hardware Connection Issues:
Loose or oxidized wiring at the control terminal block.
Communication cables longer than 15 meters without signal repeaters.
Power lines and control lines not laid in separate layers, causing electromagnetic interference.
Power Fluctuations:
The 5V/12V output voltage of the switching power supply fluctuates beyond ±5%, leading to unstable power supply for the control board.
Harmonic interference or voltage mutations in the input power.
Component Aging:
RS485 communication chip failure on the main control board.
EEPROM memory damage or degradation of optocoupler devices (such as PC923, PC929).
Software and Parameters:
Incompatible firmware versions or incorrect parameter configurations.
Communication protocol settings not matching the upper computer.
II. Troubleshooting Process for CP30 Fault
2.1 Preliminary Inspection
2.1.1 Appearance and Wiring Inspection
Control Terminal Block:
Check if the wiring is loose or oxidized, focusing on communication terminals (such as RS485 interfaces).
Ensure that the shielding layer of the cable is grounded at one end to avoid grounding loop interference.
Communication Cables:
Measure the cable length. If it exceeds 15 meters, install a signal repeater.
Check if the cable insulation layer is damaged to avoid short circuits or crosstalk.
Layered Wiring:
Ensure that power lines (main circuits) and control lines (signal lines) are laid separately with a spacing of at least 30cm.
2.1.2 Power and Grounding Inspection
Switching Power Supply Test:
Use a multimeter to measure the control board power supply voltage (5V/12V). The fluctuation should be ≤±5%.
If the voltage is abnormal, check if the filter capacitor is aging or replace the switching power supply module.
Grounding Verification:
Confirm that the grounding terminal is reliably connected and the grounding resistance is ≤4Ω.
Avoid sharing ground wires with power lines to prevent ground wire interference.
2.2 In-depth Hardware Detection
2.2.1 Circuit Board Inspection
Connector Status:
Disassemble the inverter and observe if the connectors between the main control board and the drive board are offset, broken, or oxidized.
Clean the connectors and re-plug them to ensure good contact.
Capacitor and Optocoupler Detection:
Measure the capacitance value of the main circuit filter capacitor. If it is below 80% of the rated value, replace it.
Use an oscilloscope to detect the input and output waveforms of optocoupler devices (such as PC923, PC929) to confirm there is no distortion or delay.
2.2.2 Communication Chip Test
RS485 Chip Detection:
Use a multimeter to measure the voltage difference between the A and B lines of the RS485 chip. The normal value should be 2-3V.
If the voltage is abnormal, replace the RS485 communication chip or the control board.
EEPROM Verification:
Test the EEPROM by initializing the inverter parameters (retain motor nameplate data).
If the fault persists after initialization, replace the control board.
2.3 Software and Parameter Inspection
Parameter Initialization:
Restore the inverter to factory settings and re-enter motor parameters (such as power, number of poles, rated current, etc.).
Confirm that parameters 06-17~06-22 (communication-related parameters) are set correctly.
Firmware Version Check:
Contact Delta or check the firmware version through the inverter panel.
If the version is too old, upgrade to the latest version to fix potential communication vulnerabilities.
Communication Protocol Verification:
Confirm that the communication protocol (such as Modbus, CANopen) of the upper computer (such as PLC, touch screen) matches the inverter settings.
Use a serial debugging tool to simulate communication and verify if data interaction is normal.
III. Solutions for CP30 Fault
3.1 Hardware Repair
Wiring Optimization:
Replace oxidized or loose wiring terminals and use tinned copper wires with crimped terminals.
Install signal repeaters or use shielded twisted pairs to improve communication stability.
Component Replacement:
Replace aging capacitors, optocouplers, or RS485 chips.
If the control board is damaged, contact Delta for original replacement boards.
Power Supply Improvement:
Install three-phase reactors or harmonic filters to suppress input power harmonics.
Replace with high-precision switching power supply modules to ensure stable power supply.
3.2 Software Adjustment
Parameter Optimization:
Adjust the communication timeout time (parameters 14-70~14-73) and extend it appropriately to adapt to complex environments.
Disable unnecessary communication functions to reduce data interaction.
Firmware Upgrade:
Download the latest firmware from Delta’s official website and upgrade the control board with a dedicated programmer.
Protocol Adaptation:
Modify the upper computer program to ensure that the communication instruction format is compatible with the inverter.
Use intermediate devices (such as gateways) to convert different communication protocols.
3.3 Preventive Measures
Regular Maintenance:
Check the tightness of wiring terminals quarterly and clean dust on circuit boards.
Test capacitor values and optocoupler performance annually, and replace aging components in advance.
Environmental Optimization:
Ensure that the inverter is installed in a well-ventilated environment to avoid high temperature, high humidity, or dust pollution.
Keep away from high-power equipment or electromagnetic interference sources, and install shielding covers if necessary.
Backup and Monitoring:
Regularly back up inverter parameters for quick recovery in case of faults.
Install communication status monitoring modules for real-time abnormality alerts.
IV. Typical Case Analysis
Case 1: Intermittent CP30 Fault
Phenomenon: An MS300 inverter in a factory frequently reported CP30 after holidays. It temporarily operated normally after restarting but failed again after a few hours. Troubleshooting Process:
Checked the control terminal block and found severe oxidation of the wiring, increasing contact resistance.
Measured the communication cable length as 20 meters without a repeater, causing significant signal attenuation.
Disassembled the inverter and found oxidation on the pins of the RS485 chip on the main control board, with distorted communication waveforms. Solution:
Cleaned and tightened the wiring terminals and replaced oxidized cables.
Installed a signal repeater to shorten the effective communication distance.
Replaced the RS485 chip to restore communication stability. Result: The fault was completely eliminated, and the equipment operated normally for 3 months.
Case 2: CP30 Fault Caused by Parameter Configuration
Phenomenon: A newly installed MS300 inverter frequently reported CP30 during commissioning, but no hardware abnormalities were found. Troubleshooting Process:
Found that the engineer mistakenly set the communication timeout time to an extremely short value, causing data interaction interruption.
The firmware version was too old, with communication protocol compatibility issues. Solution:
Adjusted the communication timeout time to the default value and optimized other communication parameters.
Upgraded the firmware to the latest version to fix protocol vulnerabilities. Result: The fault was immediately eliminated, and the equipment was successfully put into operation.
V. Conclusion
The CP30 fault is a relatively complex internal communication abnormality in Delta MS300 inverters, requiring systematic troubleshooting from multiple dimensions such as hardware connections, power quality, component aging, and software configurations. By standardizing wiring, conducting regular maintenance, optimizing parameters, and replacing components, such faults can be effectively solved. Engineers should combine official materials with actual cases, flexibly use detection tools, and gradually narrow down the fault scope to achieve rapid repair.
1. Introduction: Background and Importance of the Fault
In industrial automation systems, inverters play a vital role in controlling motor speed, improving energy efficiency, and enabling flexible control. The Shengchuan S350 series inverter is widely used in automated production lines due to its high performance and reliability. However, when the inverter displays error code E017, it usually results in a startup failure or shutdown, which can seriously impact production continuity. Understanding the real cause behind the E017 alarm, distinguishing it from misinterpretations, and knowing how to troubleshoot it efficiently are crucial for technicians and maintenance engineers.
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2. Understanding the E017 Fault Code
2.1 What Does E017 Mean?
In the Shengchuan S350 inverter, E017 is defined as a contactor fault, which occurs when the internal main circuit contactor (often the pre-charging or main contactor) fails to engage or the feedback signal is missing during power-up or start-up phases.
2.2 Misinterpretation in Some Manuals
Some manuals may mistakenly describe E017 as a “keypad fault.” However, in actual on-site scenarios and based on electrical logic and signal paths, this alarm is clearly linked to internal contactor failures, not the keypad (HMI) panel.
3. Causes of E017 Fault – Multi-dimensional Analysis
Type of Cause
Specific Issues
Field Symptoms & Hints
Contactor Component
Coil damage, oxidized or welded contacts
No clicking sound during start-up; blackened contacts
Drive Signal Failure
No output signal from control or drive board
No control voltage present at coil terminals
Feedback Circuit Issue
Feedback contact not closing or faulty
Contactor works, but inverter doesn’t recognize it
Power Supply Instability
Low voltage, failing power board
Insufficient coil voltage to energize contactor
Control Logic Misjudge
Incorrect sequence or parameter settings
Inverter fails to detect correct engagement logic
4. Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Procedure
4.1 Listen for Sound and Check Contactor Action
Upon power-up or start, is there a clicking sound (“clack”) from the contactor?
If no sound is heard, the contactor might not be energized or is physically damaged.
4.2 Measure Coil Voltage
Use a multimeter to check whether the contactor coil receives the control voltage (usually DC 24V or AC 220V).
If no voltage is detected, the issue is likely with the drive board or control signal.
4.3 Check Feedback Contact Integrity
Some inverters monitor auxiliary contacts on the contactor for feedback.
If the auxiliary contact is damaged or misaligned, even a working contactor may trigger E017.
4.4 Swap and Compare Boards
If you have another working S350 inverter, try swapping the contactor or drive board.
If the fault moves with the board, it’s likely a board-level issue. If it stays, the contactor is to blame.
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5. Repair and Replacement Recommendations
5.1 Replace the Contactor
The most effective solution is to replace the faulty contactor with a manufacturer-approved component matching the same coil voltage and rated current.
Ensure proper tightening of terminals and clean installation surface.
5.2 Drive Board and Power Board Check
If the contactor has no drive signal, check if the relay or transistor circuit on the drive board is faulty.
A failing power supply board may output unstable voltage and should be checked or replaced.
5.3 Wiring and Signal Feedback
Verify all wiring is tight, corrosion-free, and correctly routed.
Clean and reconnect feedback lines if necessary.
5.4 Parameter Initialization and Reset
After component replacement, perform a full reset of the inverter and reconfigure necessary startup parameters.
Check if the inverter correctly recognizes contactor engagement signals.
6. Practical Case Studies
Case 1: Drive Board Failure
A technician encounters E017 on an S350 inverter. No clicking sound is heard on power-up. Measuring the coil terminal reveals 0V. After swapping the drive board with one from a working unit, the contactor clicks and the inverter starts normally. Conclusion: the original drive board failed to output the control signal.
Case 2: Feedback Contact Issue
Another unit shows E017 but the contactor does engage. Closer inspection shows the auxiliary feedback contact did not close properly due to carbon build-up. Cleaning restored function, but to ensure long-term reliability, the contactor was later replaced.
7. Preventive Maintenance Tips
Regularly Clean Contactors Prevent dust, moisture, and carbon buildup from interfering with mechanical motion or electrical contact.
Monitor Power Supply Quality Ensure stable voltage supply to the control board and contactor coil to prevent intermittent faults.
Log Faults and Spare Part Info Keep a history of faults and maintain a stock of critical spares such as contactors, drive boards, and power boards.
Perform Routine Start-Up Tests Periodically run the inverter in test mode to check for early signs of engagement or feedback failure.
8. Summary and Conclusions
The E017 error code in the Shengchuan S350 inverter most accurately refers to an internal contactor failure, not a keypad issue.
Diagnosing the fault involves confirming whether the contactor actuates, checking for control voltage, and verifying feedback signal integrity.
Most common causes include faulty contactors, failed drive boards, or broken feedback circuits.
Effective troubleshooting requires listening for sounds, using a multimeter for voltage checks, and replacing components as needed.
Preventive maintenance and spare part readiness are essential to avoid prolonged downtime in industrial systems.
Variable frequency drives (VFDs) are critical components in industrial automation, enabling precise control of motor speed and torque to enhance efficiency and performance. The V680 series VFD, produced by Shenzhen Tai Da Holdings, is a high-performance model widely used in applications such as manufacturing, HVAC systems, and conveyor operations. However, like all sophisticated electronic devices, it may encounter faults that disrupt operations. One common issue is the “E-09” fault code, which indicates an undervoltage condition. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the E-09 fault’s mechanisms, implications, diagnostic procedures, solutions, and preventive strategies, drawing from technical insights and industry resources.
Technical Background of the V680 Series VFD
Role of VFDs
VFDs regulate the speed and torque of AC motors by adjusting the frequency and voltage of the power supplied. This capability optimizes energy consumption, reduces mechanical stress, and enhances process control in industrial settings. The V680 series, with its advanced vector control algorithms, is designed for demanding applications requiring high reliability and precision.
V680 Series Specifications
Based on available information, the V680 series (model: SHZHD.V680-55KW/75KWP-3) has the following key specifications:
Parameter
Specification
Input
3-phase, 380V ±15%, 50Hz
Output
3-phase, 112/150A, 0-500Hz
Power
G-55kW
Manufacturer
Shenzhen Tai Da Holdings Co., Ltd.
The input voltage range of 323V to 437V is critical for understanding the E-09 fault, as voltages below 323V trigger undervoltage protection.
Definition and Implications of the E-09 Undervoltage Fault
Definition
The E-09 fault code signifies that the VFD’s input voltage has fallen below the minimum threshold required for safe operation, typically around 323V for a 380V system. This undervoltage condition prompts the VFD to halt operation to protect itself and the connected motor, displaying “E-09” on the control panel.
Implications
The E-09 fault can have significant consequences:
Operational Downtime: The VFD’s shutdown halts motor operation, disrupting production processes and potentially causing financial losses in industries reliant on continuous operation.
Component Wear: Prolonged undervoltage can stress electrolytic capacitors and other components, reducing their lifespan and increasing maintenance costs.
Performance Issues: In applications requiring precise motor control, such as conveyor systems, undervoltage may lead to erratic motor behavior, compromising product quality.
Mechanisms Behind the E-09 Undervoltage Fault
VFD Operational Principles
A VFD converts input AC power to DC through a rectifier, stores it in a DC bus with capacitors, and then inverts it back to AC with adjustable frequency and voltage to drive the motor. The DC bus voltage, typically around 520V for a 380V input, is crucial for stable operation. A drop in input voltage reduces the DC bus voltage, triggering the E-09 fault if it falls below the undervoltage threshold (approximately 60% of nominal, or ~312V DC).
Causes of Undervoltage
The E-09 fault may result from several factors:
External Power Supply Instability:
Grid Fluctuations: Variations in the utility power supply, such as voltage sags or outages, can lower the input voltage.
Heavy Load Demands: Simultaneous operation of high-power equipment may cause voltage drops.
Phase Loss: Loss of one phase in a three-phase system increases DC bus ripple and may trigger undervoltage protection.
Internal Component Failures:
Capacitor Degradation: Electrolytic capacitors in the DC bus may lose capacity over time, failing to smooth voltage fluctuations.
Rectifier Issues: Damaged diodes or rectifiers in the power conversion circuit can impair voltage regulation.
Pre-Charge Circuit Problems: Faulty pre-charge relays or resistors can prevent proper DC bus charging, especially during startup.
Wiring and Connection Issues:
Loose or corroded connections increase resistance, causing voltage drops at the VFD’s input.
Improper wiring, as outlined in the V680 manual’s connection diagrams, can exacerbate the issue.
Environmental Factors:
High temperatures or humidity can degrade component performance, indirectly contributing to undervoltage.
Dust accumulation may cause overheating or short circuits, affecting voltage stability.
Sensing Circuit Malfunction:
A faulty DC voltage sensing circuit within the VFD may incorrectly detect low voltage, causing nuisance trips.
Trigger Mechanism
The VFD continuously monitors the DC bus voltage. When it detects a voltage below the undervoltage threshold, it activates the E-09 fault, halting operation. For the V680 series, this threshold is likely set to protect against voltages below 323V AC, corresponding to a DC bus voltage of approximately 312V. The fault may reset automatically after 5 seconds if the voltage stabilizes, as noted in some Tai Da VFD documentation.
Diagnostic Steps for the E-09 Fault
Diagnosing the E-09 fault requires a systematic approach to identify the root cause:
Verify Input Voltage:
Measure the input voltage at the VFD’s terminals using a multimeter, ensuring it is within 380V ±15% (323V–437V).
Check all three phases for balance and absence of phase loss.
If the voltage is low, investigate upstream power supply issues with the utility provider.
Inspect Internal Components:
Power down the VFD and inspect for visible signs of damage, such as capacitor leakage, bulging, or burn marks on the rectifier or control board.
Test capacitors and rectifiers with appropriate equipment, if qualified, or consult a technician.
Check the pre-charge circuit for relay or resistor functionality.
Examine Wiring and Connections:
Refer to the V680 manual’s wiring diagrams to verify correct connections.
Tighten all terminal connections and inspect cables for damage or corrosion.
Evaluate Environmental Conditions:
Ensure the VFD operates within the recommended temperature (-10°C to +40°C) and humidity (≤95% RH, non-condensing) ranges.
Clean dust from the VFD and improve ventilation if necessary.
Review Control Panel Diagnostics:
Note any additional indicators on the control panel, such as “Hz” or “RUN” status, to contextualize the fault.
Cross-reference the E-09 code with the manual’s fault table, if available, for specific guidance.
Test DC Bus Voltage:
If equipped, measure the DC bus voltage to confirm it aligns with the expected value (~520V for 380V input). Discrepancies may indicate internal issues or sensing circuit faults.
Solutions to Resolve the E-09 Undervoltage Fault
Immediate Corrective Actions
Reset the Fault:
Power cycle the VFD by turning off the main supply, waiting a few minutes, and restarting. Alternatively, use the control panel’s reset function.
Verify if the fault clears after voltage stabilization.
Address Power Supply Issues:
Install a voltage stabilizer or uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to maintain consistent 380V input.
Use a line reactor or isolation transformer to mitigate voltage sags and surges.
Coordinate with the utility provider to adjust transformer tap settings or resolve grid issues.
Repair Internal Components:
Replace faulty capacitors, rectifiers, or pre-charge circuit components, adhering to the manual’s maintenance guidelines and using manufacturer-approved parts.
Engage a qualified technician for complex repairs to avoid further damage.
Correct Wiring Issues:
Tighten loose connections and replace damaged cables as per the manual’s wiring specifications.
Ensure proper grounding to prevent electrical interference.
Mitigate Environmental Factors:
Relocate the VFD to a cooler, drier location or enhance ventilation with fans or air conditioning.
Install dust filters to protect internal components.
Long-Term Preventive Measures
Regular Maintenance:
Schedule monthly or quarterly inspections to check wiring, components, and cleanliness, as recommended in the V680 manual.
Monitor capacitor health and replace them proactively based on their rated lifespan.
Power Protection Systems:
Deploy surge protectors, phase loss relays, and dynamic voltage restorers to safeguard against power anomalies.
Consider a static var compensator for facilities with frequent voltage sags.
Environmental Optimization:
Maintain a controlled environment with stable temperature and humidity levels.
Enclose the VFD in a protective cabinet if exposed to harsh conditions.
Operator Training:
Train personnel to recognize E-09 and other fault codes, enabling quick initial responses.
Provide access to the V680 manual for reference during troubleshooting.
Manufacturer Support:
Establish a relationship with Shenzhen Tai Da Holdings’ customer service for technical support and access to firmware updates or replacement parts.
Comparison with Other VFD Faults
To contextualize the E-09 fault, consider other common VFD faults:
Fault Code
Description
Common Causes
E-10
Overvoltage
Excessive input voltage, regenerative energy
E-06
Overcurrent
Motor overload, short circuit
E-04
Overheating
Poor ventilation, high ambient temperature
E-07
Ground Fault
Motor or wiring insulation failure
While E-09 is specific to undervoltage, its diagnostic and resolution strategies overlap with these faults, particularly in checking power supply and environmental conditions.
Additional Insights from Industry Resources
Research indicates that undervoltage faults, like E-09, are common in VFDs due to their sensitivity to power quality. , undervoltage protection is typically based on DC bus voltage, which for a 380V system should be around 520V. A drop to 60% of this value (~312V) triggers the fault. The site also highlights phase loss as a frequent cause.
Troubleshooting Flowchart
Below is a simplified flowchart for addressing the E-09 fault:
Start
↓
Check Input Voltage (380V ±15%)
↓
Voltage Normal? → Yes → Inspect Internal Components
↓ No
Adjust Power Supply (Stabilizer/UPS)
↓
Fault Cleared? → Yes → End
↓ No
Inspect Wiring/Connections
↓
Connections Secure? → Yes → Check Environment
↓ No
Tighten/Replace Wiring
↓
Environment Normal? → Yes → Reset Fault
↓ No
Improve Ventilation/Cleanliness
↓
Fault Cleared? → Yes → End
↓ No
Contact Manufacturer Support
Conclusion and Best Practices
The E-09 undervoltage fault in the V680 series VFD is a manageable issue when approached systematically. By identifying whether the cause is external power instability, internal component failure, wiring issues, or environmental factors, users can implement targeted solutions to restore operation. The V680 manual is a critical resource, providing wiring diagrams, safety guidelines, and maintenance protocols to support troubleshooting.
Best practices include:
Stable Power Supply: Use voltage stabilizers and UPS systems to ensure consistent 380V input.
Routine Maintenance: Conduct regular inspections to detect and address component wear early.
Environmental Control: Maintain optimal operating conditions to protect the VFD.
Operator Training: Equip staff with the knowledge to respond to fault codes promptly.
Manufacturer Support: Leverage Shenzhen Tai Da Holdings’ expertise for complex issues.
By adopting these strategies, users can minimize downtime, extend the VFD’s lifespan, and ensure reliable performance in industrial applications. This comprehensive approach not only resolves the E-09 fault but also enhances overall system resilience against future power-related issues.
The VY-JY series is a high-performance asynchronous servo drive specifically designed for the hydraulic systems of injection molding machines. It employs sensorless vector control technology to adjust the speed of the oil pump motor to match the flow/pressure requirements of the injection molding process, eliminating overflow energy consumption and achieving a 25%-70% energy savings rate.
2. Technical Highlights
Dual Vector Control Modes:
Vector Control 1: 180% starting torque at 0.50 Hz, speed regulation range of 1:100, and speed stability accuracy of ±0.5%.
Vector Control 2: 180% starting torque at 0.25 Hz, speed regulation range of 1:200, and speed stability accuracy of ±0.2% (comparable to DC motor control).
Core Energy-Saving Technologies for Injection Molding:
Real-time reception of injection molding machine pressure/flow signals to dynamically adjust oil pump speed, eliminating high-pressure overflow losses.
Support for 3 customizable flow-pressure curves (4-point, 5-segment correction) to adapt to different mold processes.
High Reliability Design:
Wide voltage range (DC 360-720V) and triple-protection technology (PCB coating, copper busbar plating, and sealed components).
Short-term overload capacity: 200% rated load for 0.5 seconds, 150% rated load for 1 minute.
II. Installation and Wiring Specifications
1. Installation Environment Requirements
Parameter
Standard Value
Remarks
Ambient Temperature
-10°C to +40°C
Derate rated current by 1% for every 1°C increase above 40°C
Humidity
5% to 95%
Condensation prohibited
Altitude
≤2000 meters
Derate by 1% for every 100 meters above 1000 meters
Vibration
≤15 m/s² (200-500 Hz)
Avoid metal dust/corrosive gases
2. Main Circuit Wiring Essentials
Power Terminals: Connect R/L1, S/L2, and T/L3 to a three-phase power supply (380-480V ±15%).
Motor Terminals: Connect U/T1, V/T2, and W/T3 to the motor. Reverse connection or short-circuiting is strictly prohibited.
Brake Resistor:
Models from 11-15 kW come with a built-in brake unit (terminals B1/B2) as standard.
Models above 18.5 kW require an optional brake resistor with a resistance value greater than the lower limit specified in the manual (e.g., ≥7Ω for a 55 kW model).
Grounding Requirements:
The PE terminal must be independently grounded (resistance <10Ω).
The grounding wire diameter should be selected based on power rating (e.g., 35 mm² for a 90 kW model).
3. Control Circuit Wiring
Analog Inputs:
AI1/AI2: 0-10V or 0-20mA (selectable via jumpers).
AI3: -10V to +10V (supports direction control).
Digital Inputs: X1-X7 support 24VDC switch/pulse signals (up to 50 kHz).
Communication Interface: Dual 485 ports (Modbus-RTU protocol), supporting master-slave control and parameter reading/writing.
⚠️ Safety Warning:
Separate or vertically cross the main and control circuit wiring to prevent interference.
When the motor cable exceeds 100 meters, an output reactor must be installed, and the carrier frequency must be reduced (≤5 kHz).
III. Operation Procedures and Parameter Settings
1. Initial Power-On Operation Procedure
mermaidgraph TD A[Power On] --> B[Restore Factory Parameters P0.01=3] B --> C[Set Motor Nameplate Parameters P9.00-P9.04] C --> D{Can the Load Be Disconnected?} D -->|Yes| E[Rotating Auto-Tuning P9.15=2] D -->|No| F[Stationary Auto-Tuning P9.15=1] E & F --> G[Press RUN Key to Execute Auto-Tuning] G --> H[Set Operating Frequency P0.05] H --> I[Select Control Mode P0.03] I --> J[Start Operation]
2. Injection Molding-Specific Function Configuration
Energy-Saving Mode Activation (H0 Group Parameters):
Function Code
Name
Example Setting
Function Description
H0.00
Plastic Machine Frequency Setting Mode Selection
1
Enable User-Defined 1
H0.03
Plastic Machine Frequency Setting User-Defined 1
0000
Both Flow and Pressure Signals Are Valid
H0.09-H0.16
Flow-Frequency Curve 1
A0=0%, B0=0% A3=100%, B3=100%
4-Point Linear Mapping
Soft PLC Logic Programming (H1 Group Parameters): Perform logical operations (AND/OR/NOT) or mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) on digital/analog quantities, and output the results to the Y terminal or control frequency. Example: H1.00=111 enables 3-channel logical operations, and H1.01=123 sets X1/X2/X3 as input sources.
3. Key Operating Parameters
Parameter Group
Function Code
Name
Recommended Value
Impact
P0
P0.08
Acceleration Time 0
20.0s
Extend for large inertia loads
P3
P3.05
Stopping Method
2 (Deceleration + DC Braking)
Prevent pump reversal
PA
PA.00
Carrier Frequency
8.0kHz
Reduce for high-frequency noise-sensitive applications
IV. Fault Diagnosis and Maintenance
1. Common Fault Handling
Fault Code
Meaning
Troubleshooting Steps
E.OC1
Acceleration Overcurrent
1. Check for motor cable short-circuits. 2. Extend acceleration time.
E.OU
Deceleration Overvoltage
1. Check brake resistor value. 2. Enable energy dissipation braking.
E.PTC
Motor Overheating
1. Check PTC sensor wiring. 2. Reduce load rate.
2. Regular Maintenance Items
Cycle
Item
Operation
Monthly
Radiator Cleaning
Use compressed air to remove dust (operate with power off).
Semi-Annually
Electrolytic Capacitor Inspection
Check for bulging/leakage; replace if capacity drops by ≥20%.
Annually
Insulation Resistance Test
Motor winding-to-ground insulation resistance ≥5MΩ (500VDC).
🔧 Maintenance Note: Wait 10 minutes after power-off (until the CHARGE light goes out) before operating to ensure bus capacitor discharge is complete.
V. Energy-Saving Benefit Analysis
Energy Savings Rate Calculation Model: Energy Savings Rate=(1−Servo System Energy ConsumptionPower Frequency System Energy Consumption)×100%
Influencing Factors:
Mold Process Speed Value: Energy savings rate ≈70% at 30% speed and ≈25% at 90% speed.
Net Cooling Time: Energy savings rate decreases without cooling time.
✅ Case Study: Post-retrofit measurements for a 220T injection molding machine at a certain factory:
Power Frequency Monthly Energy Consumption: 18,600 kWh
Servo Monthly Energy Consumption: 7,440 kWh
Energy Savings Rate: 60%
VI. Appendix: Key Parameter Quick Reference Table
Category
Function Code
Name
Factory Default
Motor Parameters
P9.02
Rated Speed
1500 rpm
Communication Settings
PC.02
Local Address
1
Protection Functions
PA.21
Auto-Reset Count
0 (Disabled)
Plastic Machine-Specific
H0.34
AI1/AI2 Extended Input Enable
0 (Disabled)
This guide covers the entire process of installation, parameter configuration, fault handling, and energy-saving optimization. It is compiled in conjunction with Chapter 9 (Injection Molding Energy-Saving Principles) and Chapter 10 (Technical Features) of the manual to ensure users quickly master the core applications of the VY-JY series. Before operation, be sure to read the manual’s “Safety Precautions” (Pages 14-16) in detail. Unauthorized operation is strictly prohibited.
FAULT 008, known as “Heatsink Over Temperature,” indicates that the inverter’s heatsink temperature has exceeded safe limits, likely to protect the device from overheating damage.
Common causes include blocked or dirty heatsink fins, high ambient temperatures, or cooling fan failure.
Troubleshooting involves cleaning the heatsink, verifying ambient temperature, and checking fan operation.
Preventive measures include regular maintenance, temperature monitoring, and proper installation to ensure adequate airflow.
What is FAULT 008? When a Rockwell PowerFlex 400 series inverter displays FAULT 008, labeled “Heatsink OvrTmp,” it signals that the heatsink temperature has surpassed its safe operating threshold. This fault halts the inverter to prevent damage to internal components, such as the power electronics. The control panel will show “FAULT 008 Heatsink Ovrtmp” with a yellow or orange indicator light, alerting the user to take immediate action.
Why Does It Happen? The overheating of the heatsink can stem from several issues:
Blocked or Dirty Heatsink Fins: Dust or debris accumulation reduces the heatsink’s ability to dissipate heat.
High Ambient Temperature: Operating environments exceeding 40°C (104°F) for IP 30/NEMA 1/UL Type 1 installations or 50°C (122°F) for open-type installations can overwhelm the cooling system.
Fan Failure: A malfunctioning or stopped cooling fan disrupts airflow, causing heat buildup.
How to Address It? To resolve FAULT 008, follow these steps:
Clean the Heatsink: Power off the inverter, open the enclosure, and use compressed air or a soft brush to remove dust or debris from the heatsink fins.
Check Ambient Temperature: Measure the surrounding temperature to ensure it is within the specified limits. If too high, improve ventilation or relocate the inverter.
Inspect the Fan: Verify that the cooling fan is operational. Replace it if it’s not functioning, using a compatible part.
Preventing Future Issues Regular maintenance, such as cleaning the heatsink and monitoring ambient conditions, along with proper installation to ensure good airflow, can help avoid this fault in the future.
Comprehensive Analysis and Solutions for FAULT 008 in Rockwell PowerFlex 400 Series Inverters
Introduction
The Rockwell PowerFlex 400 series inverters are widely used in industrial automation for controlling AC motor speed and torque, particularly in applications like fans and pumps. Known for their reliability and versatility, these inverters occasionally encounter faults that require prompt attention. One such fault, FAULT 008 (Heatsink Over Temperature), indicates that the inverter’s heatsink has exceeded its safe temperature threshold. This article provides a detailed exploration of FAULT 008, including its definition, causes, troubleshooting steps, solutions, and preventive measures to ensure reliable operation.
This content is based on information from the Rockwell PowerFlex 400 User Manual and fault code documentation, ensuring accuracy and relevance for users addressing this issue.
1. Understanding FAULT 008
FAULT 008, labeled “Heatsink OvrTmp,” is a critical fault in the PowerFlex 400 series that occurs when the heatsink temperature exceeds the safe operating limit. The heatsink is a vital component responsible for dissipating heat generated by the inverter’s power electronics, such as IGBT modules. When this fault is triggered, the inverter halts operation to prevent thermal damage, displaying “FAULT 008 Heatsink Ovrtmp” on the control panel with a yellow or orange indicator light. This fault is classified as an Auto-Reset/Run type, meaning it may attempt to reset automatically if configured (via parameters A092 and A093), provided the underlying issue is resolved.
2. Causes of FAULT 008
Several factors can lead to the heatsink overheating, triggering FAULT 008. The primary causes include:
2.1 Blocked or Dirty Heatsink Fins
The heatsink relies on air circulation to dissipate heat. Dust, oil, or debris accumulation on the fins can obstruct airflow, significantly reducing cooling efficiency. This is particularly common in dusty industrial environments.
2.2 High Ambient Temperature
The PowerFlex 400 has specific environmental temperature limits:
IP 30/NEMA 1/UL Type 1 Installations: Maximum ambient temperature of 40°C (104°F).
Open-Type Installations: Maximum ambient temperature of 50°C (122°F). If the operating environment exceeds these limits, the heatsink may struggle to maintain safe temperatures.
2.3 Cooling Fan Failure
The inverter’s cooling fan ensures adequate airflow over the heatsink. A malfunctioning fan—due to mechanical issues (e.g., worn bearings), electrical faults, or blockages—can lead to insufficient cooling and overheating.
2.4 Excessive Load or Duty Cycle
Running the inverter at or beyond its rated capacity for extended periods generates excessive heat, which the cooling system may not handle effectively.
2.5 Poor Ventilation
Improper installation, such as placing the inverter in a confined space or obstructing air inlets/outlets, can trap heat and cause the heatsink to overheat.
Cause
Description
Impact
Blocked Heatsink Fins
Dust or debris reduces airflow, impairing heat dissipation.
Heatsink temperature rises.
High Ambient Temperature
Environment exceeds 40°C (IP 30) or 50°C (Open type).
Cooling system overwhelmed.
Cooling Fan Failure
Fan stops or operates inefficiently, reducing airflow.
Restricted airflow due to improper installation or obstructions.
Heat accumulation.
3. Troubleshooting FAULT 008
Resolving FAULT 008 requires a systematic approach to identify and address the root cause. Below are the recommended steps:
3.1 Inspect and Clean Heatsink Fins
Procedure: Disconnect the inverter from power, open the enclosure, and inspect the heatsink fins for dust, oil, or debris.
Tools: Use compressed air or a soft brush to clean the fins, ensuring no contaminants remain.
Precautions: Avoid introducing foreign objects into the inverter during cleaning.
3.2 Verify Ambient Temperature
Procedure: Measure the ambient temperature around the inverter using a thermometer.
Standards:
IP 30/NEMA 1/UL Type 1: ≤40°C (104°F).
Open Type: ≤50°C (122°F).
Action: If the temperature exceeds limits, enhance ventilation (e.g., add fans or air conditioning) or relocate the inverter to a cooler area.
3.3 Check Cooling Fan Operation
Procedure:
Power on the inverter and confirm the fan is running by listening for operation or checking for airflow.
Inspect for blockages or damage to the fan blades.
Listen for unusual noises indicating bearing wear or mechanical issues.
Action: Replace a faulty fan with a genuine Rockwell part, following the manual’s replacement instructions.
3.4 Evaluate Load and Duty Cycle
Procedure:
Check the inverter’s load to ensure it does not exceed the rated capacity.
Review parameter A089 [Current Limit 1] to confirm it matches the motor’s specifications.
Action: Reduce the load or adjust parameters if overloading is detected. Consider upgrading to a higher-capacity inverter if necessary.
3.5 Ensure Adequate Ventilation
Procedure:
Verify that the inverter has sufficient clearance (at least 10-15 cm) around air inlets and outlets.
Check for obstructions blocking airflow.
Action: Reposition the inverter or remove obstructions to improve ventilation.
4. Solutions and Preventive Measures
4.1 Solutions
Based on the troubleshooting results, apply the following solutions:
Dirty Heatsink Fins: Clean thoroughly to restore airflow.
High Ambient Temperature: Install cooling equipment or relocate the inverter.
Fan Failure: Replace the fan with a compatible part.
Excessive Load: Adjust load or parameters, or upgrade the inverter.
Poor Ventilation: Reconfigure the installation to ensure proper airflow.
4.2 Preventive Measures
To minimize the risk of FAULT 008 recurring, adopt these practices:
Regular Maintenance:
Clean heatsink fins and inspect fans every 3-6 months, adjusting frequency based on environmental conditions.
Replace aging fans proactively to avoid unexpected failures.
Environmental Monitoring:
Use temperature sensors to monitor ambient conditions and alert for exceedances.
Install cooling systems in high-temperature environments.
Load Management:
Ensure the inverter’s capacity matches the application’s demands.
Avoid prolonged operation at maximum load.
Proper Installation:
Adhere to the PowerFlex 400 User Manual’s installation guidelines, ensuring adequate clearance and ventilation.
Avoid enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces.
5. Conclusion
FAULT 008 (Heatsink Over Temperature) in the Rockwell PowerFlex 400 series inverters is a critical issue that requires immediate attention to prevent equipment damage. By understanding its causes—such as blocked heatsink fins, high ambient temperatures, or fan failures—users can systematically troubleshoot and resolve the fault. Implementing regular maintenance, monitoring environmental conditions, and ensuring proper installation are key to preventing recurrence. This comprehensive guide equips users with the knowledge and steps needed to maintain reliable and efficient operation of their PowerFlex 400 inverters.
Variable frequency drives (VFDs) like the ABB ACS580 are vital in industrial automation, offering precise control over motor speed and torque for applications such as pumps, fans, and conveyors. These drives enhance efficiency but can encounter faults that disrupt operations. One common issue is fault code 4310, also known as A4B0, which signals that the power unit module temperature has exceeded safe limits. This article explores the causes, mechanisms, troubleshooting steps, and preventive measures for this fault, providing a comprehensive guide for users and maintenance personnel to ensure reliable operation.
Understanding Fault 4310 (A4B0)
Fault 4310 (A4B0) in the ABB ACS580 indicates that the temperature of the power unit module, which contains insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) responsible for converting DC to AC for motor control, has become excessively high. IGBTs generate heat during operation due to switching and conduction losses. When the temperature exceeds a safe threshold (typically 90-100°C, depending on the model), the drive triggers this fault to halt operation and protect internal components from thermal damage. The fault code appears on the control panel, often with auxiliary codes indicating specific issues, such as overheating in the U, V, or W phase, or environmental factors.
Causes of Fault 4310 (A4B0)
Several factors can contribute to the power unit module overheating, including:
High Ambient Temperature: The ACS580 is designed to operate in environments up to 40°C (104°F). If the surrounding temperature exceeds this, the cooling system may struggle to dissipate heat effectively, especially in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces.
Insufficient Cooling: The drive relies on cooling fans to draw air over heat sinks attached to the power modules. Fan failures due to worn bearings, electrical issues, or blocked airflow paths (e.g., by debris or improper placement) reduce cooling efficiency.
Dust Accumulation: In industrial environments, dust and particulate matter can accumulate on heat sinks, acting as an insulator and hindering heat transfer. This reduces the cooling system’s effectiveness.
Overloading: Operating the drive beyond its rated power capacity causes the IGBTs to generate excessive heat. This can occur if the connected motor or load exceeds the drive’s specifications.
Incorrect Installation: ABB provides specific installation guidelines, including minimum clearance distances for airflow. Installing the drive in a confined space or near heat-generating equipment can trap heat, leading to overheating.
Mechanism of Fault 4310 (A4B0)
The ACS580 is equipped with temperature sensors that continuously monitor the power unit module’s temperature. These sensors are integrated into the drive’s control system, which compares the measured temperature against a predefined limit. If the temperature exceeds this threshold, the drive activates fault 4310 (A4B0) to stop operation, preventing damage to the IGBTs and other components. The fault may be accompanied by auxiliary codes that pinpoint the issue, such as specific phase overheating (U, V, or W), environmental temperature issues, or internal component failures. This protective mechanism ensures the drive’s longevity and reliability by addressing thermal risks promptly.
Troubleshooting and Solutions
To resolve fault 4310 (A4B0), follow these systematic steps:
Check Ambient Temperature: Measure the temperature near the drive using a reliable thermometer. Ensure it is within the 0-40°C range specified for the ACS580. If the temperature is too high, improve ventilation by adding fans or air conditioning, or relocate the drive to a cooler area.
Inspect Cooling Fans: With the drive powered off, check all cooling fans for proper operation. Look for signs of damage, loose connections, or worn bearings. Listen for unusual noises indicating fan issues. Replace faulty fans with ABB-approved components and verify that the fan direction supports proper airflow.
Clear Airflow Paths: Ensure that air intake and exhaust vents are free from obstructions such as cable bundles, dust filters, or other objects. Remove any covers or panels that restrict airflow and reposition items as needed.
Clean Heat Sinks: Disconnect the drive from power and use compressed air or a soft brush to remove dust and debris from the heat sinks. Avoid using liquids that could leave residues or damage components. Ensure the heat sinks are clean to maximize heat transfer.
Verify Load: Compare the drive’s rated power (listed on its nameplate) with the motor’s specifications and the actual load. If the load exceeds the drive’s capacity, consider reducing the load or upgrading to a higher-capacity drive model.
Review Installation: Consult the ABB ACS580 installation manual to confirm that the drive is mounted correctly. Ensure there is at least 100 mm (4 inches) of clearance on all sides for airflow. Verify that the drive is not exposed to direct sunlight or other heat sources.
Reset the Drive: After addressing the above issues, reset the drive by cycling power or using the reset button on the control panel. Monitor the drive’s operation to ensure the fault does not recur. Check the event log for any additional diagnostic information.
Troubleshooting Steps Table
Step
Action
Notes
Check Ambient Temperature
Measure temperature near the drive
Ensure within 0-40°C; improve ventilation if needed
Inspect Cooling Fans
Check for operation, damage, or noise
Replace faulty fans; confirm correct airflow direction
Clear Airflow Paths
Remove obstructions from vents
Ensure no cables or debris block intake/exhaust
Clean Heat Sinks
Use compressed air or brush to clean
Power off drive; avoid liquids
Verify Load
Compare drive and motor ratings
Reduce load or upgrade drive if necessary
Review Installation
Check clearance and placement
Ensure 100 mm clearance; avoid heat sources
Reset Drive
Cycle power or use reset button
Monitor for fault recurrence
Preventive Measures
To minimize the risk of fault 4310 (A4B0), implement these preventive strategies:
Regular Maintenance Schedule: Establish a maintenance routine, inspecting and cleaning the cooling system every 6-12 months, depending on the environment’s dust levels. Regular checks prevent dust buildup and ensure fan reliability.
Temperature Monitoring: Utilize the ACS580’s built-in temperature monitoring features (accessible via parameters like 04.11-04.13) to track temperature trends. Set alarms to alert personnel if temperatures approach critical levels, enabling early intervention.
Load Management: Design systems with adequate headroom for peak loads. Avoid operating the drive at or near its maximum capacity for extended periods. Use energy-saving modes or adjust parameters to optimize performance for variable loads.
Proper Installation Practices: Adhere to ABB’s installation guidelines, ensuring proper mounting, electrical connections, and grounding. Maintain specified clearance distances to support airflow and prevent heat buildup.
Environmental Control: In harsh environments (e.g., dusty or hot locations), use NEMA-rated enclosures and maintain air filters. In high-temperature settings, consider additional cooling solutions like heat exchangers or air conditioning.
Preventive Measures Table
Measure
Action
Frequency
Regular Maintenance
Inspect and clean cooling system
Every 6-12 months
Temperature Monitoring
Track temperature trends via parameters
Weekly or monthly
Load Management
Ensure load matches drive capacity
During system design
Proper Installation
Follow ABB guidelines for mounting
During installation
Environmental Control
Use enclosures, filters, or cooling
As needed per environment
Conclusion
Fault 4310 (A4B0) in the ABB ACS580, indicating excessive power unit module temperature, is a critical issue that demands prompt attention to prevent damage to the drive. By understanding its causes—such as high ambient temperatures, cooling failures, dust accumulation, overloading, or improper installation—users can follow systematic troubleshooting steps to resolve the issue. Preventive measures, including regular maintenance, temperature monitoring, load management, and proper installation, are essential for minimizing the risk of recurrence. Familiarity with the drive’s documentation, such as the user manual and fault tracing guide, and ongoing training for maintenance personnel further enhance operational reliability. By addressing this fault effectively, users can ensure the ACS580 operates efficiently, supporting uninterrupted industrial processes.
In industrial automation and control systems, Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) are indispensable core devices. They convert fixed-frequency AC power into variable-frequency AC power, enabling precise control over the speed and torque of AC motors. This functionality is crucial in various fields, including manufacturing, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), and water pump systems. The Yuqiang YQ3000-G11 frequency converter, manufactured by Foshan Yuqiang Electromechanical Co., Ltd., is widely popular in the market for its reliability and high performance. However, like any electronic device, it may encounter faults, with the SPO fault (Output Phase Loss) being one of the common issues faced by YQ3000-G11 users. This article delves into the nature, causes, solutions, and preventive measures of the SPO fault, providing comprehensive guidance to ensure efficient and stable system operation.
Definition and Manifestation of SPO Fault
The SPO fault is displayed as “SPO” or “5P0” on the control panel of the YQ3000-G11 frequency converter, accompanied by the illumination of the “TRIP” indicator light. This indicates that the frequency converter has detected the absence of at least one phase or severe imbalance in the three-phase (U, V, W) output load. According to the provided diagnostic table (attached “image.png”), the SPO fault is described as “U, V, W phase loss output (or severe three-phase load asymmetry),” advising users to “check output wiring; check motor and cables.” This fault prevents the motor from starting or operating normally, potentially leading to overheating, inefficiency, and even damage to the motor or frequency converter.
In a three-phase power system, the U, V, and W phases must remain balanced to ensure proper motor operation. A phase loss means the absence of voltage or current in one phase, causing an imbalance in the three-phase system. This situation may manifest as:
Unstable motor operation, with抖动 (vibration) or abnormal noise.
Inability of the motor to reach the expected speed or power output.
Automatic shutdown of the frequency converter to protect the system, displaying the SPO fault code.
Nature of SPO Fault
The essence of the SPO fault is the imbalance or absence of three-phase power on the output side of the frequency converter. This anomaly can be caused by several factors:
Wiring Issues:
Loose or disconnected output cables, preventing normal power transmission in one phase.
Damaged cables, such as wear, burnout, or breakage.
Wiring errors, such as incorrect connection of the U, V, W phase sequence or improper connection.
Motor Issues:
Open circuit in the motor windings, preventing a complete circuit in one phase.
Internal short circuit or insulation damage in the motor, affecting current balance.
Loose or damaged motor connection terminals.
Internal Frequency Converter Faults:
Damaged Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules, affecting the output of one phase.
Control circuit or drive board faults, leading to abnormal output signals.
Internal overvoltage or overheating protection triggering, suspending output.
External Factors:
Overloading, exceeding the rated capacity of the frequency converter or motor.
Environmental factors, such as high temperature, high humidity, or dust accumulation, affecting device performance.
Grid voltage fluctuations or interference, potentially indirectly affecting output stability.
Parameter Setting Issues:
Improper setting of the phase loss protection threshold in the frequency converter, which may be overly sensitive or incorrectly configured.
Mismatch between other parameters (such as current limit or frequency setting) and the actual load.
These causes may occur individually or in combination, leading to the occurrence of the SPO fault. Understanding the nature of the fault helps users quickly locate the problem and take effective measures.
Solutions for SPO Fault
Resolving the SPO fault requires a systematic troubleshooting approach. The following is a detailed diagnostic and repair process:
Step 1: Check Output Wiring
Inspect Cable Condition: Carefully examine the U, V, and W phase cables from the frequency converter to the motor for signs of wear, burnout, or breakage.
Confirm Secure Connections: Ensure all wiring terminals are tightened and free from looseness or poor contact.
Verify Wiring Correctness: Refer to the YQ3000-G11 frequency converter manual (attached “YQ3000-G11 Yuqiang Frequency Converter Manual.pdf”) to confirm the correct connection of the U, V, and W phase sequence.
Step 2: Check Motor
Measure Winding Resistance: Use a multimeter to measure the resistance between U-V, V-W, and W-U on the motor. Normally, the resistance of each phase should be close and balanced. Significant differences may indicate an open circuit or damage to the windings.
Check for Short Circuits: Test for continuity between each phase and ground to ensure no short circuits exist.
Disconnect Motor Test: Disconnect the motor from the frequency converter, run the frequency converter, and measure the output voltage. If the fault disappears, the problem may lie with the motor or load.
Step 3: Verify Frequency Converter Output
No-Load Test: With the motor disconnected, start the frequency converter and use a multimeter to measure the output voltage between U-V, V-W, and W-U. Normally, the three-phase voltage should be balanced and conform to the frequency converter specifications.
Check for Internal Faults: If the output voltage is unbalanced or missing, it may indicate an IGBT module or control circuit fault. Further hardware inspection or contact with professional maintenance personnel is required at this point.
Step 4: Check Load and Environment
Confirm Load Matching: Ensure the connected load is within the rated capacity of the frequency converter and motor. Overloading may trigger protection mechanisms, leading to the SPO fault.
Check Environmental Conditions: Confirm that the operating environment temperature and humidity of the frequency converter are within the recommended ranges (refer to the manual). High temperatures or humidity may cause component performance degradation.
Step 5: Check Parameter Settings
Enter Parameter Settings: Access the parameter settings menu through the control panel (attached “spo.jpg”) and check parameters related to phase loss protection.
Adjust Thresholds: Ensure the phase loss protection threshold is suitable for the current application and adjust it if necessary.
Restore Factory Settings: If unsure about the parameter configuration, try restoring the factory settings and reconfiguring them.
Step 6: Seek Professional Help
If the above steps fail to resolve the issue, it is recommended to contact us for technical support.
For internal hardware faults (such as IGBT module damage), professional technicians using specialized tools are required for repair or replacement.
Fault Troubleshooting Flowchart
Step
Inspection Content
Tools
Expected Results
1
Check output cables
Visual inspection, screwdriver
Cables undamaged, connections secure
2
Measure motor winding resistance
Multimeter
Balanced three-phase resistance, no short circuits
3
Test frequency converter output voltage
Multimeter
Balanced three-phase voltage, conforming to specifications
4
Check load and environment
Ammeter, thermometer
Load within rated range, suitable environment
5
Check parameter settings
Control panel
Correct parameter configuration
6
Contact professional support
Phone/email
Obtain further guidance or repair
Preventive Measures
To reduce the occurrence of SPO faults and extend the service life of the YQ3000-G11 frequency converter, the following preventive measures can be taken:
Regular Maintenance:
Inspect and tighten all electrical connections quarterly.
Regularly clean the frequency converter and motor to prevent dust accumulation leading to overheating.
Proper Installation:
Install the frequency converter in a well-ventilated area away from high temperatures and humidity.
Use high-quality cables and connectors that meet specifications.
Load Management:
Ensure the motor load is within the rated range to avoid overloading.
Use soft start or progressive acceleration functions to reduce electrical shock during startup.
Monitoring System:
Install monitoring equipment to track frequency converter performance in real-time and detect anomalies promptly.
Regularly review fault logs to address potential issues.
Training and Documentation:
Train operators to ensure they are familiar with the correct use and basic troubleshooting of the frequency converter.
Keep the frequency converter manual (attached “YQ3000-G11 Yuqiang Frequency Converter Manual.pdf”) for easy reference.
Conclusion
The SPO fault is a common issue that may be encountered during the operation of the Yuqiang YQ3000-G11 frequency converter. Its essence is the absence or imbalance of three-phase power on the output side, which may be caused by wiring issues, motor faults, internal frequency converter problems, or external factors. Through systematic troubleshooting steps, such as checking wiring, motor, output voltage, and parameter settings, users can effectively diagnose and resolve the fault. Regular maintenance, proper installation, and load management are key measures to prevent SPO faults. For further assistance, it is recommended to refer to the manual or contact the technical support team of Yuqiang Electromechanical. By taking these measures, users can ensure the stable operation of the frequency converter system, maximizing equipment lifespan and production efficiency.
The rolling of tea leaves is a critical process in tea production. Its main goal is to twist the leaves into tight strips, rupture some of the leaf cells to promote the release of tea juice, and enhance the aroma and liquor of the tea. The tea rolling machine, as the key mechanical equipment for this task, has gradually replaced traditional manual rolling and is now widely used in the production of black, green, oolong, and other types of tea.
1. Working Principle of the Tea Rolling Machine
The rolling machine operates by applying pressure between a top press cover and a rotating bottom disc, sandwiching the tea leaves. Through the combined motion of pressing and rotation, the leaves are subjected to extrusion, friction, and kneading forces, causing them to bend, twist, and partially rupture. This helps to form the desired strip shape and allows the internal tea juice to be released.
The main forces at work during rolling include:
Shear Force: Facilitates shaping by shearing the leaves between two surfaces;
Frictional Force: Generated as the leaves tumble between the disc and the cover, enhancing curl formation;
Vertical Pressure: Continuously applied by the top cover to control the rolling intensity and leaf breakage rate.
The rolling process typically follows a sequence of “light pressure – medium pressure – heavy pressure – decompression” to ensure optimal shaping and internal quality.
2. Key Structural Components
Tea rolling machines are robustly built and functionally arranged, typically consisting of the following parts:
Main Frame and Base Support Made of cast iron or steel, often tripod-style for excellent stability and vibration resistance.
Rolling Disc (Rotating Plate) Located at the base, made from stainless steel or cast aluminum, featuring spiral guide ribs to move the tea in a circular path. The surface is polished for easy cleaning.
Rolling Drum (Barrel) A cylindrical chamber fixed above the rotating disc where tea leaves are placed. Smooth and seamless inside for even rolling.
Pressing Cover Mechanism Positioned above the barrel, adjustable manually or electrically. The inner surface is curved or grooved to apply even downward pressure. A spring mechanism provides buffering.
Motor and Gearbox Drive Drives the rotating disc via belts or gears. Speed is typically reduced to 30–60 rpm for controlled operation.
Control Panel May include timers, press height adjustment knobs, power switches, and emergency stops.
Discharge Port Once rolling is complete, tea is discharged by lifting the cover or opening a side outlet. Some models have scraper mechanisms for efficient leaf removal.
3. Operational Workflow
1. Leaf Loading
Processed (withered or de-enzymed) leaves are evenly spread into the barrel. No pressure is applied at this stage.
2. Initial Pressing
The press cover is gently lowered to just contact the leaves, stabilizing their position and forming the initial shape.
3. Rolling Phase
The motor activates the rotating disc. Under spiral guidance, the leaves tumble while being pressed by the top cover. This produces combined shearing and extrusion forces. Duration is 3–10 minutes depending on the tea type and batch size.
Rolling can be broken down into:
Light rolling (low pressure, low speed)
Medium rolling (increased pressure, steady speed)
Heavy rolling (max pressure, fixed speed)
Final shaping (reduced pressure, slow speed)
4. Discharging
The motor stops, the press cover is lifted or the outlet opened, and the rolled leaves are released.
5. Cleaning and Reset
Residual tea is cleaned off the disc and barrel to prepare for the next batch.
4. Technical Specifications
Item
Typical Range
Description
Motor Power
1.1–3 kW
Depends on size and capacity
Rolling Disc Diameter
500–1200 mm
Larger size accommodates higher loads
Rotation Speed
30–60 rpm
Adjustable per tea type
Pressing Stroke
100–180 mm
Defines maximum compression depth
Rolling Time
2–15 minutes
Varies by tea type
Batch Capacity
10–100 kg per batch
Based on machine model
Pressing Mechanism
Manual / Electric / Pneumatic
Varies in precision and efficiency
5. Control Logic Overview
Modern machines include integrated control features such as:
Time Setting: Allows rolling duration to be preset;
Press Cover Control: Motorized or electric actuator to fine-tune press height and pressure;
Speed Regulation: When equipped with an inverter, stepless speed control is achievable;
Emergency Stop: Ensures safe halt during abnormal operation;
Directional Control: Enables clockwise and counterclockwise rotation alternation for uniform rolling.
These systems promote repeatable, standardized rolling results and reduce operator dependency.
6. Structural Advantages and Craft Adaptability
Durable, Low-Wear Construction: Cast frame design minimizes vibration and extends service life;
Adjustable Pressure Cover: Adapts to different moisture levels and leaf volumes;
Spiral Ribbed Disc: Ensures continuous tumbling and even pressure distribution;
Easy Maintenance: Smooth surfaces reduce cleaning time and prevent residue build-up;
Automation-Friendly: Compatible with external control systems or PLC upgrades.
7. Process Optimization Through Variable Speed Control
In modern tea production, varying tea varieties demand different rolling speeds and pressures. Equipping the machine with a variable frequency drive (VFD) allows flexible speed regulation to match these needs.
By adjusting the disc speed based on tea type (e.g., low speed for green tea, medium for black tea), the shaping and juice extraction can be precisely controlled. Multi-stage speed profiles—such as low for initial shaping, medium for heavy rolling, and low again for final adjustment—are easily managed by inverter systems, ensuring quality and efficiency.
A high-performance inverter like the Longi 900 series offers precise speed control, strong torque at low speeds, smooth acceleration, and good compatibility with industrial tea machinery. This enhances the consistency of rolling results while optimizing energy use and equipment protection.
8. Conclusion
The tea rolling machine is central to the quality of processed tea. Its structural design, technical parameters, and control mechanisms must harmonize with tea characteristics to ensure optimal results.
As electrical and automation technology evolves, upgrading rolling machines with intelligent control and variable speed capability is becoming a standard in tea factory modernization. These advances preserve traditional craftsmanship while enhancing efficiency, consistency, and adaptability in production.
In the fields of cell engineering, biomaterials, and drug delivery systems, high-throughput microstructured chip platforms are becoming a key research tool. Especially platforms combining PDMS micropillar array chips with controlled biodegradable thin films (e.g., PLGA) are widely used in:
Single-cell drug delivery and sensitivity evaluation;
Multi-factor high-throughput screening and biomimetic microenvironment construction;
Precise control of nanoscale drug release behavior.
These applications often require construction of highly uniform, nanometer-scale (100–300 nm) functional film layers specifically on the tops of the pillars, with PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) as the typical material due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable release properties.
However, traditional planar spin coaters with vacuum suction platforms are not suitable for achieving uniform nanoscale coatings on non-planar structures like micropillars, especially when coating only the pillar tops. This presents a demand for a specially designed spin coater to meet these challenges.
II. Spin Coating Principle Overview
Spin coating is a widely used technique in microelectronics, optics, and biomaterials for the rapid formation of uniform thin films. The basic steps include:
Dropping solution onto a substrate;
Rapid rotation creates centrifugal force spreading the liquid evenly;
Simultaneous solvent evaporation leads to film formation within seconds.
Based on simplified Meyerhofer’s model, film thickness “h” relates to:
h ∝ (c * μ) / ω^{1/2}
Where:
c = solution concentration;
μ = viscosity;
ω = rotation speed (rpm);
By adjusting these parameters, film thicknesses from tens to hundreds of nanometers can be reliably achieved. For pillar-top coating, this must be combined with specialized jigs, non-vacuum mechanisms, and multi-stage programmatic rotation control.
III. Functional Requirements for the Spin Coater
To satisfy the target application, the spin coater must meet the following specifications:
1. Microstructure-Compatible Platform
Substrate size: 55 mm × 55 mm PDMS chip;
Non-vacuum clamping to prevent microstructure collapse;
Compatible with curved/non-planar substrates for optimal pillar-top coating.
2. Precision Rotational Control
Speed range: 100–10,000 rpm;
Speed resolution: 1 rpm;
Acceleration range: 100–10,000 rpm/s;
Multi-stage programmable control (min. 10 segments);
Each stage must set: speed, time, acceleration.
3. Nanofilm Thickness Control Module
Automated dispensing system (micro syringe pump):
Volume range: 0.1–10 μL;
Precision: ±0.01 μL;
Optional heating lid (to improve uniform solvent evaporation);
Environmental sealing (for use inside glovebox);
Gas inlet for nitrogen or controlled airflow.
4. Software and Feedback Control
Color LCD touchscreen for programming and monitoring;
Real-time display of speed, time, temp, steps;
At least 20 custom program sets storage;
USB export of spin data logs;
External sensor interfaces (e.g., ellipsometer, IR monitor).
IV. Key Innovation Highlights
Non-vacuum clamping system:
Avoids PDMS micropillar collapse;
PTFE precision slot clamp secures the chip without central blockage.
Our design focuses on the niche need for micropillar-top nanofilm coating in biological applications, filling a gap in existing commercial equipment that primarily supports flat wafer processing.
Future development roadmap includes:
Multi-solution switching module (e.g., for combinatorial screening);
Vision-assisted chip alignment and coating path planning;
Closed-loop AI control based on film thickness feedback.
VIII. Conclusion
This design addresses the unmet need for high-precision nanocoating on micropillar arrays in PDMS chips—especially relevant in single-cell drug screening and cell-material interface studies. By integrating multi-stage programmable spin control, non-vacuum platform, microfluidic injection, and programmable environment conditioning, this spin coater provides a complete solution for researchers working on nanoscale PLGA film deposition in structured biological interfaces.
It is expected to contribute significantly to advanced biomedical research, high-throughput drug screening, and future bioMEMS development.
In industrial drive equipment, the KEB COMBIVERT F5 series inverter is widely used in injection molding machines, elevators, and automation equipment. This series is renowned for its high stability and rich programmable functions. However, precisely due to its complexity, the prompt messages for different types of faults and the error evolution logic often confuse maintenance personnel during drive debugging and repair.
This article takes a real on – site fault as a clue, systematically sorting out the fault causes, parameter checks, and handling procedures from the initial E.OH (power module overheating) → subsequent recovery state E.nOH → E.H496 (extended error code) after replacing the motherboard. It also summarizes a standard troubleshooting logic to help you locate problems more efficiently.
Power rating: Approximately 75 kW, with an input of 400V AC three – phase, 165A; an output supporting a frequency range of 0 – 800 Hz, and a maximum current of about 150 A (UL 136A)
Control board and power board combination: The drive unit is composed of an F5 – General or F5 – Basic control board in combination with a power module. The structured hardware connection is stable. This system has undergone initial power – on, multiple fault resets, and motherboard replacement, eventually entering a complex error stage.
III. Stage 1: Initial Fault – E.OH (Power Module Overheating)
When the variable – frequency drive detects that the temperature of the power module (heat sink) is too high, it triggers the E.OH error, and at this time, the drive shuts off the output to protect the module. Such errors are often caused by:
Blocked or failed cooling fans
Severe dust accumulation on the heat sink
Excessively high ambient temperature According to the documentation (TRD Error codes / KEB F5 manual):
For E.OH, one must wait for the internal temperature to drop by at least 3 °C before entering the reset stage.
The drive displaying E.nOH indicates that the overheating state has been lifted, and the power module has cooled to a safe level. Maintenance operations include:
Powering off and waiting for cooling
Cleaning the fans and heat sink
Checking and improving the ambient ventilation
IV. Stage 2: From E.nOH to Replacing the Control Board
The E.nOH state confirms that the drive has returned to normal. Everything operates normally for a short period. If the control motherboard is then replaced (e.g., replacing an old faulty board or upgrading the firmware), it may change the internal identification of the drive. If the drive’s main control board and power board do not correctly match the firmware or power unit identification parameters at this time, new advanced errors may be triggered.
V. Stage 3: E.H496 – Advanced Extended Error Code After Replacing the Motherboard
1. What is E.H496?
E.H496 belongs to the advanced error code (extension error class), specifically indicating a communication or identification anomaly between the control board and the power unit. In the KEB error manual, it is classified as “power unit changed” or “EEPROM configuration mismatch”. The error prompts may appear in forms such as E.PUCH, E.PUCH, etc., but some new firmware versions may display it as H496.
2. Cause Analysis
The control board detects a change in the power unit identification number but the parameters are not synchronized.
The power unit configuration saved in the EEPROM does not match.
Inconsistent firmware versions lead to a failure in the parameter group SY.3 checksum.
The physical connection between the control board and the power board is loose or the communication lines are loose.
VI. Standard Troubleshooting and Handling Procedures 🧭
Step 1: Check the Error History
Set the parameter Ud.00 = 660 to enable the LF error log function.
View the 0.LF.98 log to analyze the error generation time, type, and sequence.
Step 2: Verify the Connection between the Control Board and the Power Board
Check whether the ribbon cables of the X interface are secure and free of oxidation.
If there is dust or poor contact, clean and re – plug them.
Step 3: Confirm EEPROM and Firmware Matching
Compare the firmware versions of the new and old motherboards with the power board version.
If the drive prompts “power unit changed”, write the displayed power unit identification code into the parameter group SY.3 for confirmation.
If the SY.3 parameter is written incorrectly, the system will load default values or lock the startup.
Step 4: Perform Synchronization and Initialization
If there is an identification anomaly after replacing the control board, write the correct value of SY.3 according to the manual and only reload the power – related parameters.
If it still fails, write other values to perform a complete parameter reload (load the KEB default set) and restart the drive.
After completing the operations, it is recommended to restart the system (Power – on reset) to ensure synchronization between the drive board and the power module.
Step 5: Re – check Thermal Management and Hardware Status
After cooling, power on again to ensure that the fans are working and the ambient temperature is reasonable.
Avoid the recurrence of E.OH, which may affect subsequent diagnosis.
VII. Summary Table of Fault Evolution Logic
Stage
Display Code
Meaning
Possible Causes
Main Handling Measures
Initial
E.OH → E.nOH
First overheating of the power module and return after cooling
Poor heat dissipation, high ambient temperature
Clean the fans and heat sink, improve ventilation
Intermediate
E.nOH state returns to normal
No new errors in the module
Temporary parameter recovery process
No additional operations required
After replacing the motherboard
E.H496 or E.PUCH
Advanced error: Power unit identification anomaly
Control board/firmware mismatch, identification code change, communication error
Rewrite SY.3, check communication, re – initialize parameters
VIII. Recommended Further Operation Plans and Prevention Points
Record the LF error log Save the LF.98 content completely before and after state switching to facilitate tracing the root cause of errors.
Synchronize parameter groups after replacing the motherboard Especially for SY.3 and related LF/enc parameters, confirm that the motherboard and power module are properly matched.
Fan and ventilation maintenance Regularly maintain the cooling system to avoid long – term dust accumulation and overheating faults.
Perform encoder reset and learning (if applicable) If there has been a recent replacement of the encoder card or a change in the feedback interface, check parameters such as LF.26 and LF.27 and re – execute the automatic learning process (refer to the previous handling of E.HYBc – type errors).
Collaborate with KEB technical support if necessary If the firmware version is unclear or the error code is ambiguous, provide information such as SY.3 / LF.98 to KEB support engineers for targeted guidance.
IX. Conclusion
The process from E.OH (power module overheating) → recovery to E.nOH → entering the E.H496 advanced error after replacing the motherboard actually reflects the strong mechanism of KEB drives for hardware identification and power unit consistency verification. Reasonable understanding and operation according to the standard procedures can minimize the fault recovery time and improve equipment stability.